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Wundt believed that the mind could be broken down into constituent elements (Reductionism), and these would be . Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment 16 marks ... Lorenz - attachment in animals, "imprinting" suggests critical period. Credit should be awarded for any valid study of attachment (including imprinting research) in animals. "I always . Attachment Caregiver-infant Interactions. Evaluate the use of non-human animals, such as the baby geese used by Lorenz, to investigate human attachment theories. *26* 0 8 Outline ONE explanation of . Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment 16 marks. AQA Psychology A level Attachment - Outline and evaluate ... [6 marks] . All 16 markers for attachment Year 1 (fully completed and ... Outline Bowlby's theory of attachment, include reference to the critical period and internal working models. Explanations Of Attachment: Learning Theory Flashcards by ... Animal Studies: Attachment | Topics | Psychology | tutor2u Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Animal studies of attachment have been carried out to help develop an understanding of the processes involved in human attachment. A meta-analysis of the findings of 32 studies of attachment behaviour including over 2,000 classifications in 8 different countries. Lorenz conducted an experiment in which goslings were hatched either with their mother or in an incubator. Key Exam Tip!! . The control group was hatched naturally by the mother the other were placed in an incubator where Lorenz made sure he was the first large moving object they saw so they imprinted on Lorenz. Lorenz (1952) Lorenz's research suggests that organisms have a biological propensity to form attachments to one single subject. 4. Both get something out of the interaction, for example pleasure . Pay attention to the command term and the content words. September 7, 2016. (Total 6 marks) Q7. One of the most famous - or infamous - animal studies was conducted in the 1950s and '60s by Harry Harlow.Harlow experimented on rhesus monkeys and wanted to learn more about the nature of love and the attachment between a child and its mother. Humans aren't precocial meaning the findings can't be . (6 marks) I would suggest an exemplar answer to this question to be:Lorenz studied imprinting in goslings by dividing the eggs from a mother, hatching, and rearing them in different environments. Outline one explanation of forgetting. Add to cart. Describe, outline, apply and evaluate animal studies of attachment, especially Lorenz and Harlow Outline, describe, and explain explanations of of attachment: learning theory and owlby [s monotropic theory. . (6 marks) (6 marks) Lorenz and Harlow studied animals as a way to find out about attachments. OUTLINE AND EVALUATE ANIMAL STUDIES OF ATTACHMENT A01 One animal study conducted into attachment was by Lorenz who demonstrated how imprinting occurred within the animal world. . . Types of attachment: secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure resistant. Level: AS, A Level. Learn faster with spaced repetition. Konrad Lorenz's Imprinting Theory. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment. This required an outline of 'how' Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Harlow studied eight infant monkeys were studied for 165 days. Wilhelm Wundt, "the founding father" of psychology was the first to clarify the difference between physiology and psychology ; psychology being the study of conscious experience. Monotropic theory - infants have an innate tendency to make an attachment with one attachment figure, usually the mother. (Total 4 marks) Q3. (Lorenz study and Harlows study) Whoops, something went wrong. Outline . first group stayed with mother and second group placed in incubator and Lorenz was the first thing they saw. (4 marks) A strength of conducting this study using geese is that siblings can be compared easily to reduce individual differences, which would not be possible with humans. Briefly discuss one limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Attachment theory: Harlow's experiment with rhesus monkeys. He took geese eggs and kept them until they hatched. Possible content: The findings from Lorenz’s research (as outlined below) offers support for the idea that infants have an attachment gene and that they imprint on a caregiver not long . . This revision quiz explores the following aspects of Attachment: Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. Lorenz split a large clutch of greylag goose eggs into two batches. Together, these studies produced groundbreaking empirical evidence for the primacy of the parent-child attachment relationship and the importance of maternal touch in infant development. For example, a question that asks students to 'outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals' should focus on providing an outline of how they studied attachment using. animal research into attachment. Harlow and difficulty of generalising across species. However the vast majority of answers included findings and implications of findings, and some even included evaluation of the studies. AQA Psychology A level Social Influence - Explanations for obedience. They both sought to investigate & measure 'attachment' between a mother and infant, Harlow using animals with in his research and Ainsworth using infants. Attachment theory: Harlow's experiment with rhesus monkeys. attachment Outline and evaluate Lorenz and Harlow's studies, discussing what they show about attachment Outline and evaluate various studies into attachment including Ainsworth and Van Ijzendoom Discuss the impact of early disruption to attachment on later relationships with reference to Bowlby's maternal deprivation Key Technical Vocabulary Lorenz used Greylag goose eggs and randomly divided them into two groups. The two main examples are the research into imprinting by Konrad Lorenz and Harlow's research using rhesus monkeys. one. An Evaluation of Harlow's Monkey Studies. Animal studies: Lorenz & Harlow • Many animals show attachment behaviour. Half the eggs were placed with the mother, and half were kept by Lorenz's side for several hours. (Total 4 marks) Q4. knowledge to a short exam question and 16 mark essay question into animal research. Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. The outline knowledge is accurate and detailed, striking a balance between the two There is some appropriate use of specialist terminology. Reciprocity: The idea that attachments are interactional, and that mothers and infant initiate and respond to each other in a meaningful way. and . Studies - Psychology Revision AQA A. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. [4 marks] . (6 Marks) (A2) Lorenz and Harlow both conducted animal experiments to ascertain the attachment levels in attachment. Maccoby - defining attachment. In this context, the bond between a parent (usually the mother) and their child. The concepts of a critical period and an internal working model. This evaluation point highlights an important question in the use of animals in psychological research. Evaluate. Q1. At the time in which he conducted his experiments Harlow was frustrated at other psychologists shunning psychological research into love. Attachment is a reciprocal (two-way) bond between two individuals. (3) £2.99. ATTACHMENT Answer ALL questions in this section. Describe and evaluate animal studies into attachment. Harry Harlow was motivated by scientist such as Bowlby (1970) and Konrad Lorenz (1952) and their evolutionary theory & ethological research; Lorenz believed that 'attachment' evolved . Harlow experimented with rhesus monkeys, an Asian species that's assimilates to living with humans easily. Harlow's monkey study involved giving a baby monkey the choice of either food or comfort (food was portrayed by a wire 'monkey' with a feeding bottle attached to it and comfort was portrayed by a wire 'monkey' covered . MARK SCHEME - A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY - 7182/1 - JUNE 2018 4 Section A - Social Influence 0 1 Outline what is meant by 'agentic state' as an explanation for obedience. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment. The purpose of the study was to examine their behavior in the laboratory to confirm Bowlby's attachment theory. Lorenz (1952) Lorenz's research suggests that organisms have a biological propensity to form attachments to one single subject. When the eggs hatched he imitated the mother's quacking sound and the baby geese . Study Animal Studies Of Attachment: Lorenz And Harlow flashcards from Brydie service 's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. [16 marks] You may use this space to plan your answer. Explanations of attachment: learning theory and Bowlby's monotropic theory. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment 16 marks. Animal studies of attachment past exam questions. most often misread by students was Question 11. Briefly discuss one limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans. Multiple attachments and the role of the father. This is essentially a full 16-mark question which is all you need for the exam, you can also use it to answer all 4,6,8, 12 mark questions in the exam all you have to do is break it down. Condition 1: left to hatch with mother (control group) It is proposed that attachment has derived through natural selection and is a process of nature. The most likely studies are: Belsky (1988) more than 20 hours … Maternal Deprivation. 4.1.3 Attachment. One gets a glimpse of the germ of attachment theory in John Bowlby's 1944 article, "Forty-Four Juvenile Thieves: Their Character and Home-Life," published in the International Journal of Psychoanalysis.Using a combination of case studies and statistical methods (novel at the time for psychoanalysts) to examine the precursors of delinquency, Bowlby arrived at his initial empirical insight . • discussion of use of findings from animal studies in this area, e.g. Research evidence, such as that of Harlow's monkey study, opposes the idea of learning theory as an explanation of attachment. Rosalind Geillis 2 Comments. More than 70 years later, Harlow's discoveries continue to inform the scientific understanding of the fundamental building blocks of human behavior. Stages of attachment identified by Schaffer. He divided several gosling eggs randomly into two groups; one half remained with the mother and could hatch naturally (control group) whilst the other . Michael Rutter (1972) wrote a book called Maternal Deprivation Re-assessed. Harry Harlow produced a shocking and influential piece of research during the 1950s and 1960s that he labelled 'The Nature of Love' (Harlow, 1958). Caregiver-infant interactions in humans: reciprocity and interactional synchrony. attachment and Bowlby's monotropic theory of attachment. Outline and evaluate research into the effects of failure to form attachment . Discuss Wundt's Role in the emergence of psychology. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Discuss Bowlby's maternal deprivation theory. This is essentially a full 16-mark question which is all you need for the exam, you can also use it to answer all 4,6,8, 12 mark questions in the exam all you have to do is break it down. Lorenz, animal studies of attachment: Lorenz’s research investigates the Evolutionary Explanation of attachment suggesting that infants are pre-programmed to form an attachment from the second that they are born. (4 marks) Lorenz used animal studies to research into imprinting. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Influenced by classic animal studies of Lorenz and Harlow. Remember, when outlining a study, in order to achieve the highest possible AO1 marks, it is important that your description is both accurate and detailed! (Total 8 marks) 37 € In an experimental study of attachment, a psychologist selected 40 young children. 9x sold. 2. Examiner style comments: Mark band 4 This essay demonstrates an exceptionally clear understanding of two relevant animal studies in attachment. Minor detail is sometimes lacking or there is slight inaccuracy. Klaus and Kennel - importance of early physical contact on attachment strength. Poorer cognitive development. Attachment in everyday life. To . Half were left with the mother goose, half were hatched in an incubator with Lorenz. Outline the procedure used in one study of animal attachment. Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. Ainsworth's 'Strange Situation'. Explanations of attachment: learning theory and Bowlby's monotropic theory. None of this material was relevant to the question. For a more detailed outline view the separate pages above. attachment and Bowlby's monotropic theory of attachment. The concepts of a critical period and an internal working model. Lorenz conducted an experiment in which goslings were hatched either with their mother or in an incubator. Ainsworth's 'Strange Situation'. What the spec says: Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. [16 marks] You may use this space to plan your answer. (Lorenz study and Harlows study) Preview 1 out . Unit 1: Developmental Psychology Two parts 1. [2 marks] 5 . Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Two of the most well-known animal studies were conducted by Konrad Lorenz and Harry Harlow. In order to ensure that you include all the necessary details when you are describing a study, make sure you outline the studies AIM, PEOCEDURE, FINDINGS and CONCLUSION (the APFC method). Half of the eggs were raised with their mother in their natural environment, the other half were hatched in an incubator . Briefly discuss . Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment. Lorenz had two groups of goslings for his study; one group was hatched with him, and the other group of geese were hatched in an incubator with their biological mother. AQA Psychology A level Attachment - Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment (16 marks) What the spec says: Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. Animal Studies of Attachment. Outline and Evaluate Animal Studies of Attachment. Outline and evaluate Bowlby's explanation of attachment. •in Lorenz's study, the geese imprinted before they were fed and these attachments were maintained regardless of who fed them. evaluate research into the effects of failure to form attachment. Outline one explanation of forgetting. He split them into two groups; with Lorenz and with the mother so when they hatched that was the first living thing they saw. Outline one or more studies that have investigated cultural variations in attachment. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Title: As level psychology (attachment) all 16 markers Description: these notes contains all the possible 16 mark questions on attachment full answered: 16 marks: Discuss caregiver-infant interaction in human including reciprocity and interactional synchrony. Attachment. Ethics of Harlow's Study >Ethics of Harlow's Study. (16 marks) Lorenz conducted an experiment where he divided goose eggs into two batches. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment. Hodges and Tizard (1989) studied a group of 65 British children, who had lived in an institution since being four months old, up to the age of 16. Specifically, she developed an alternative method to study child-parent attachments, using the 'strange situation procedure': The parent and child are placed together in an unfamiliar room. 16 marks: describe and evaluate stages of attachment identified by Schaffer 16 marks: Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment including Lorenz and Harlow. of animal research and what it has taught us about attachment. [2 marks] Marks for this question: AO1 = 2 2 marks for a clear and coherent outline. . Researcher B found that mobile newborn animals would follow the first large moving object that they saw. Poorer physical development. Improving the accuracy of eyewitness testimony, including the use of the cognitive interview. A01: The evolutionary theory of attachment was proposed by Bowlby (1969) who suggested that attachment was important for our survival and that infants are born with an innate tendency to form an attachment that serves to increase their chance of survival. Initial Attachment. (Total 4 marks) Q3. . . OUTLINE AND EVALUATE ANIMAL STUDIES OF ATTACHMENT A01 One animal. 14 *14* IB/G/Jun18/7182/1 Do not write outside the Two key animal studies are named by the AQA specification: Lorenz's research with goslings and Harlow's study of infant rhesus monkeys. • Animal studies have also helped psychologists understand the effects of a lack of attachment bonds in early childhood on child development and adult behaviour. One batch hatch naturally with the mother, the other batch hatched in an incubator with Lorenz making sure that he was the first moving object the goslings encountered. Lorenz did a study investigating imprinting in geese. Animal studies of attachment. Outline how Lorenz studied attachment using animals. 14 *14* IB/G/Jun18/7182/1 Do not write outside the Harlow's work has been criticized. PROCEDURE: Clutch of eggs divided into 2 halves. For example, the ethology Konrad Lorenz's (1981) study using geese and Harlow (1958) study using rhesus macaque monkeys. Lorenz got a group of geese eggs and split them into two groups; one incubator group which saw . limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans. Lorenz conducted a study using a clutch of geese. Two of the most well-known animal studies were conducted by Konrad Lorenz and Harry Harlow. OR one researcher at Level 3. 1 mark for limited/muddled outline. One surrogate was wire and dispensed food, the other was cloth covered and did not dispense food. Types of attachment: secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant. Researcher A found that young animals seemed to attach for comfort rather than for food. 16 marks: describe and evaluate stages of attachment identified by Schaffer 16 marks: Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment . (Total 6 marks) Q5. This is essentially a full 16-mark question which is all you need for the exam, you can also use it to answer all 4,6,8, 12 mark questions in the exam all you have to do is break it down. Challenge: To describe the . The use of animals within much of the research supporting the attachment theory is also one of its main limitations. [6 marks] Lorenz - split 2 groups of goose eggs. Harlow studied rhesus monkeys reared in a controlled environment with 2 mother surrogates present. 11. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Harlow experimented with rhesus monkeys, an Asian species that's assimilates to living with humans easily. (Total 16 marks) Q3. 1 1-2 There is limited knowledge of how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. The answer as a The sensitive period section of the theory also has evidence to support it. •in Harlow's research the young monkeys attached to the soft cloth surrogate mother (spent more time clinging to her). "I always felt sorry . Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. Outline . . Lorenz (1935) investigated the mechanisms of imprinting, where some species of animals form an attachment to the first large moving object that they meet. Board: AQA, OCR. Outline Lorenz's (1935) procedure? Twenty of the children were in nursery care for five days a week and the other 20 children were cared for full-time by their mothers. 0 1 Outline what is meant by 'agentic state' as an explanation for obedience. 2. implications . Harlow raised the monkeys without a mother, providing them instead with a "wire mother" and a "cloth mother". The findings from research by Harlow and Bowlby led to pioneering work by Mary Ainsworth on infant-mother attachments and attachment theory in infants. The geese imprinted on the first living thing they saw, Lorenz proved this by placing all the geese together with . • Animal studies have helped psychologists explain why humans make attachments. [6 marks] 33 *33* [Turn over] 34 *34* Two mothers at the toddler and parent group are chatting. This is a list of studies and what they relate to. animal research into attachment. Improinting is when new-born creature bonds to thetype of animals it meets at birth and begins to pattern its behaviour after them. apply. 1. these notes contains all the possible 16 mark questions on attachment full answered: 16 marks: Discuss caregiver-infant interaction in human including reciprocity and interactional synchrony. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. (Lorenz study and Harlows study) £2.99. and . The purpose of the study was to examine their behavior in the laboratory to confirm Bowlby's attachment theory. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment. . This is essentially a full 16-mark question which is all you need for the exam, you can also use it to answer all 4,6,8, 12 mark questions in the exam all you have to do is break it down. In many animals, attachments based on familiarity form during a critical period-an optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development (Bornstein, 1989). Some knowledge of how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals is present but there may be some detail missing / lack of clarity. Briefly discuss one limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans. I understand that one involves 'imprinting' and the other used surrogate mothers (inanimate) to understand attachments using non-human animals.

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