The Qing dynasty promoted itself as a conquering force, ruling China for 268 years before collapsing in 19111912. [13], Forty-eight years later, Zeng Guofan, leader of Hunan-based Xiang Army studied the Qing government's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion and he was inspired by them while he was considering ways to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. - marked a turning point in the history of the Qing dynasty. ", in, Zhang Shucai (1992). Since the 1340s, the Mongol Yuan Dynasty was experiencing problems. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under Mongol rule. The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 - Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. Kublai Khan (1215-1294) was the greatest of the Mongol emperors after Genghis Khan and founder of the Yan dynasty in China., Tibet The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the Jin dynasty founded by Huiyuan in Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. ", Without any clear enemy to fight, brutality against civilians became more common. id "White Lotus Rebellion It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion. Civil conflicts including the White Lotus Rebellion (1774-1805), Xinjiang wars (1820s and 1860s) and Taiping Civil War (1850-64) broke out across Qing China. _____ us amazing stories about her youth in Hong Kong. A White Lotus rebellion known as the Red Turban Uprising helped Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty, capture Beijing, but he turned against the group once he had achieved imperial power. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Asia for Educators, Columbia University, 2009. The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded, they were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. White Lotus - Wikipedia A systematic program of pacification followed in which the populace was resettled in hundreds of stockaded villages and organized into militia. This rebellion grew rapidly under Lin Chi-hieh and other leaders, oue of whom was a woman surnamed Wang, until there were a hundred thousand rebels in arms, who fought with varying fortune against an at least equal number of imperialist solidiers. This book has since become an invaluable source in understanding the beliefs of these groups. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under the Mongol -led Yuan dynasty. ThoughtCo. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127-1279). The White Lotus Rebellion was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. In the closing years of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, they organized resistance to the foreign overlords, and now they are doing so again, but against the reigning Ming Dynasty! Other White Lotus spinoffs include the Eight Trigrams, the Tiger Whips, and the Yihequan (Boxers). He simply and quietly disappeared. It apparently began as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society that forecast the advent of the Buddha, advocated restoration of the native Chinese Ming dynasty, and promised personal salvation to its followers. [6] The group forecast the advent of Maitreya, advocated restoration of the native Chinese Ming Dynasty, and promised personal salvation to its followers while promising the return of the Buddha.[7]. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. Unable to build up a support base, he was forced to quickly flee all three cities that he attacked in order to evade government troops. The History of White Lotus Rebellion - Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia The White Lotus Secret Society and the Demise of Mongol Rule in China Only after 1800 did the Qing government adopt new tactics that established local militias (tuan) to help surround and destroy the White Lotus. Decline and Fall of China Yuan Dynasty A systematic program of pacification followed: the populace was resettled in hundreds of stockaded villages and organized into militias. What anecdote, or short personal story, does Didion tell at the beginning of the essay "Georgia O'Keeffe"? What started as a local rebellion grew into a serious political crisis, as the central government was no longer able to operate its military machine. The White Lotus led impoverished slaves to freedom, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. [2][3]. Actual participation in sect activities had no impact on an arrest; whether or not monetary demands were met, however, did. 10 New Religions That Were Mercilessly Crushed - Listverse On assuming effective power in 1799, however, Emperor Chia Ch'ing (reigned 17961820) overthrew the Ho-shen clique and gave support to the efforts of the more vigorous Manchu commanders as a way of restoring discipline and morale. When the last Chinese dynastythe Qing dynastyfell in 19111912, it marked the end of the nation's incredibly long imperial history. The rebellion soon grew in numbers and power, and eventually became a serious concern for the oppressive Amarr empire . Exploring Chinese History :: Politics :: Rebellion and Revolution Without a clear enemy to fight against, brutality against civilians became more common. All our content comes from Wikipedia and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus. dreamhomesoftexas on Instagram: POV: Your Brand New Ultra-Luxury Build In 1896, Yan Fu translated Herbert Spencer's treatises on social Darwinism. [3] According to Ter Haar, it is clear that the "White Lotus" rebels of the uprisings that occurred between 1796 and 1804 did not voluntarily use the term "White Lotus" to refer to themselves or their movement. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. By 1387, after more than 30 years of war, their leader, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered the North China Plain and occupied the Yuan capital Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing). Fall of China's Qing Dynasty: Causes and Consequences - ThoughtCo Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In 1794, one instance of a derivative sect of the White Lotus, the Eight Trigrams arose in the form of underground meditation teachings and practice in Shandong province, not far from Beijing (Zhili) near the city of Linqing. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. 12 talking about this. - rebellion began in 1794; rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China, - the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces, - was initiated as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. In 1775, a chief of the White Lotus Society, named Liu Sung, was banished from Anhwei to Kansuh after sending people to the area under pretext of healing diseases by prayer and incantation, to gain adherents to his cause in Western China. This humiliation showed all of China's subjects, neighbors, and tributaries that the once-mighty China was now weak and vulnerable. however it was indirectly responsible because it was the catalyst for the other rebellions that occurred in the future. White Lotus Dental - Frisco, TX - Nextdoor https://www.thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608 (accessed March 4, 2023). Members of the society were not ethnically different from Han Chinese, but subscribed to a belief based on a mixture of Taoism, Buddhism, and Manichaeism. The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the densely forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless peasant refugees(liumin, see also shed people) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. Vast sums of money earmarked for the campaign against the rebels, however, were embezzled by the imperial favourite Heshen and his friends. White Lotus | Chinese cult | Britannica [6], The Qing commanders sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. The grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. With its weaknesses exposed, China began to lose power over its peripheral regions. The doctrine of the White Lotus includes an alleged forecast to the advent of the Buddha. The rebellion grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. By 1804 the area was again placed under imperial control by the local militia. Although the rebellion was finally crushed by the Qing government after eight years of fighting, it marked a sharp decline in the strength and prosperity of the Qing dynasty. Others began to openly call for the overthrow of the existing regime and replace it with a constitutional rule. Kublai Khan Within China, dissent grew, and the empire began to crumble from within. Qing control weakened and prosperity diminished by the 19th century. The Qing state banned the religion, and it, The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. #ga-ad {display: none;} Definition 1 / 6 - rebellion began in 1794; rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China - large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces The Qings were from Manchuria, and they established their dynasty as a conquering force of the Ming dynasty by non-Chinese outsiders, maintaining that identity and organization throughout their 268-year reign. Dream Homes of Texas on Instagram: "POV: Your Brand New Ultra-Luxury Build in Frisco, Texas by the prestigious @monaco_pinnacle Follow @americas_realtor fore more luxury" That history stretched back at least as far as 221 BCE when Qin Shi Huangdi first united China into a single empire. When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus Read More Yuan dynasty In China: Foreign religions Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. By 1387, after more than thirty years of war, their leader, Zhu Yuanzhang had liberated all of China. (February 22, 2023). from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. An independent military force, the militia proved difficult to disband, and frequently it turned against the dynasty in the early 20th century. The river flooded constantly, and other natural disasters also occurred. Instead, Britain began a lucrative, illicit trade in opium, traded from British imperial India into Canton, far from Beijing. Although the rebellion was finally crushed by the Qing government after eight years of fighting, it marked a sharp decline in the strength and prosperity of the Qing dynasty. It had cost the lives of countless civilians and regular troops, including more than 400 high officers, and consumed more than 200 million liang /tael, which corresponded to four times the annual revenues of the state treasury. The calamitous Opium Wars seemed to prove that the alien ruling dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven and needed to be overthrown. Qing Dynasty, China's Last Imperial Family, The Boxer Rebellion in Editorial Cartoons, Biography of Sun Yat-sen, Chinese Revolutionary Leader, The Fall of the Ming Dynasty in China in 1644, Tibet and China: History of a Complex Relationship, The Complex Structure of Ethnic Conflict in the Frontier: Through the Debates Around the 'Jindandao Incident' in 1891, The Monarch and Inner/Outer Court Dualism in Late Imperial China, 'Revolution': Conceptualizing Political and Social Change in the Late Qing Dynasty, Moving to the Right Place at the Right Time: Economic Effects on Migrants of the Manchuria Plague of 191011, Size and Dynastic Decline: The Principal-Agent Problem in Late Imperial China, 17001850. An introduction to 19th-century China | British Museum In its last stage, the Qing suppression policy combined the pursuit and extermination of rebel guerrilla bands with a program of amnesty for deserters. White Lotus Rebellion Flashcards | Quizlet The elites' self-proclaimed position as outsiders contributed to their eventual demise. A pattern emerged of growing rice in the valley bottoms, corn on the lower mountain slopes, and Irish potatoes on the higher land. White Lotus Rebellion | Military Wiki | Fandom The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. In the period after about 1680 the introduction of corn (maize) and sweet potatoes, followed in the 18th century by the introduction of the Irish potato, made upland farming possible. //]]>. The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. White Lotus Rebellion, (1796-1804), large-scale uprising in the mountainous regions of central China that contributed to the decline of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911/12). Snow Lotus | Frisco TX - Facebook Find your perfect car with Edmunds expert reviews, car comparisons, and pricing tools. Dimitri Vegas, Steve Aoki The White Lotus Theme (Aloha!) Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than four thousand soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127-1279). Snow Lotus is your One stop shop for exclusive Antique Silver Artifacts & Authentic Silver in Dallas. "The Great Yn: China's Last Imperial Dynasty" WIP Updates? Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. . Although the rebellion was finally crushed by the Qing government after eight years of fighting, it marked a sharp decline in the strength and prosperity of the Qing dynasty. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Snow Lotus | Frisco TX According to Ter Haar, it is clear that the "White Lotus" rebels of the uprisings that occurred between 1796 and 1804 did not voluntarily use the term "White Lotus" to refer to themselves or their movement. in, Gaustad, Blaine C. "Prophets and pretenders: inter-sect competition in Qianlong China. Where this rebellion took place and the Qing Empires reaction: (present perfect, tell). The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. As you might expect, the collapse of China's Qing dynasty was a long and complex process. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures used by the religious groups. Inventions The Qing had forbidden agriculture in the northern regions, which were left to the Mongol pastoralists, but the introduction of new world crops such as potato and maize opened the northern region plains farming. 11-07-2011 03:30:12 ZULU. White Lotus Rebellion | Chinese history | Britannica A similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China as tax protests. The Last Emperor, 6-year-old Puyi, formally abdicated the throne on Feb. 12, 1912, ending not only the Qing dynasty but China's millennia-long imperial period. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White . [12] The experience of suppressing the rebellion led to improvement in the organization and training of the militia, as many of their leaders wrote extensively on mobilization, enlistment and local defense methods. Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan (including modern Sichuan and Chongqing). Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. We are committed to providing our patients care in the same warm, caring, and professional manner we would extend to members of our own family. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. White Lotus Rebellion | Infoplease - Fact Monster How might this yearning relate co Milton's mention of "the thought of lost happiness" in lines 545554-555455? In its last stage, the Qing suppression policy combined the pursuit and extermination of rebel guerrilla bands with a program of amnesty for deserters. Having attained the Mandate of Heaven and the status of Emperor, he took the title Hongwu and founded a new dynasty - the Ming. J.D., University of Washington School of Law, B.A., History, Western Washington University. Corrections? What brought about the collapse of this once-mighty empire, ushering in the modern era in China? The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. [9], Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, the area of the boundary between Henan and Anhui was perpetually plagued by White Lotus revolts, the White Lotus rebels were frequently in league with the area's brigands and salt smugglers. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/white-lotus-rebellion. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. Since then, this book has become an invaluable source because it has enabled scholars to understand the beliefs of these groups. The White Lotus Rebellion Another important rebellion launched by members of the White Lotus Society was the White Lotus Rebellion . This page was last updated at 2022-12-21 05:40 UTC. In 1794, one instance of a derivative sect of the White Lotus, the Eight Trigrams arose in the form of underground meditation teachings and practice in Shandong province, not far from Beijing (Zhili) near the city of Linqing.