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The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1225 until 1803. The see also does not become vacant if the Pope appoints an apostolic administrator. How can this be translated into the role of the diocesan The territory managed by secular lords for the bishops was not identical with that of the bishopric, but was located within its boundaries and made up about a quarter of the diocesan area. [9] In their dioceses as well as in their territories, they had almost the same power as Catholic prince-bishops. Before the election of the diocesan administrator of a vacant see, the governance of the see is entrusted, with the powers of a vicar general, to the auxiliary bishop, if there is one, or to the senior among them, if there are several, otherwise to the college of consultors as a whole. This restriction was abandoned by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, when the emperor accepted Protestant administrators as fully empowered rulers. 22). The proper law of religious institutes is also a form of canon law. For a shorter and more-readable narrative about Canon Law requirements on finances, see the two-page summary “Canon Law and Diocesan Finance Councils.” Canon Laws on the Diocesan Finance Council Canon … In order to specify this territorial meaning the term Stift is then composed with the compound "hoch" as Hochstift, denoting a prince-bishopric, or Erzstift for a prince-archbishopric. [6] In those countries in which the episcopal conference has transferred the functions, the cathedral chapter, and not the consultors, elect the diocesan administrator. The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was a conflict between church and state in medieval Europe over the ability to install high church officials through investiture. The largest territory of the empire after 962 was the Kingdom of Germany, though it also came to include the neighboring Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Burgundy, the Kingdom of Italy, and numerous other territories. Moreover, if a bishop becomes less able or unable to fulfill his office because of ill health or other grave cause, he is requested to offer his resignation from office. 3° to appoint a diocesan Administrator in accordance with canon 421 §2 and 425 §3. From its founding as a bishopric in 1000 until 1821, it was under the Archbishopric of Gniezno in Greater Poland. This was the case with Catholic candidates, who were elected for an episcopal see with its revenues as a mere appanage and with all Protestant candidates, who all lacked either the necessary vocational training or the papal confirmation. Canon Law and the Diocesan Administrator The Role of Law in the Contemporary Church By Fr. [5]. [7] Capitular election was the default rule before the adoption of the 1983 Code of Canon Law; [8] this old default rule is reflected in the term for the equivalent of a diocesan administrator in the 1917 code: vicar capitular. Relevance of age of majority isn't as important in church law as in secular law. 4 Although the 1971 Code (cf. Apostolic administrators of stable administrations are equivalent in canon law with diocesan bishops, meaning they have essentially the same authority as a diocesan bishop. [9] In their dioceses as well as in their territories, they had almost the same power as Catholic prince-bishops. §2 If a diocesan Administrator has not been legitimately elected within the prescribed time for whatever cause, his designation devolves upon Canonists have generally held that for … Canon law also prohibits the administrator from closing parishes or relegating churches to secular uses. These chapters are made up of canons and other officers, while in the Church of England chapters now includes a number of lay appointees; in the Roman Catholic Church their creation is the purview of the pope. In the canon law of the Catholic Church, the term is used to refer to the vacancy of any see of a particular church, but it comes into especially wide journalistic use when the see is that of the papacy. The Bishopric of Halberstadt was a Roman Catholic diocese and a state within the Holy Roman Empire, the Prince-bishopric of Halberstadt. In any beside their primary bishopric, they would have to be called an administrator. I would say that since the title administrator indicates a leadership role in common English usage and is likewise used in canon law to refer to a priest or a bishop in a directive role (for example, diocesan or apostolic administrator), it certainly could lead to confusion and would be unlawful in the light of Ecclesiae de Mysterio. Documents are not to be removed from the secret archive or safe. (Cann. Such donations usually comprised earning assets, originally landed estates with serfs defraying dues or with vassal tenants of noble rank providing military services and forwarding dues collected from serfs. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia is a Metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Poland. Codex Iuris Canonici Canons 431–432 (1917). However, the Peace also secularised many of the prior Protestant prince-bishoprics and transformed them into hereditary monarchies. The period of time allowed before a new law after its official promulgation goes into force is known in the terminology of Canon Law as the vacatio legis. J. H. PROVOST, “Title II. the diocesan administrator himself. The college must elect as administrator a priest or bishop at least 35 years old. The Archdiocese of Wrocław is a Latin Rite archdiocese of the Catholic Church named after its capital Wrocław in Poland. Prince-bishoprics were elective monarchies of imperial immediacy within the Empire, with the monarch being the respective bishop usually elected by the chapter and confirmed by the Holy See, or exceptionally only appointed by the Holy See. Nevertheless, in local tradition often they are called bishops in all their bishoprics. [4] Canon law subjects his activity to various legal restrictions and to special supervision by the college of consultors (as for example canons 272 and 485). Prince-bishoprics were elective monarchies of imperial immediacy within the Empire, with the monarch being the respective bishop usually elected by the chapter and confirmed by the Holy See, or exceptionally only appointed by the Holy See. § 2 . The diocesan administrator has greater powers, essentially those of a bishop except for matters excepted by the nature of the matter or expressly by law. The prince-bishops had seat and vote on the Ecclesiastical Bench of the College of Ruling Princes of the Imperial Diet. A diocesan administrator is a provisional ordinary of a Roman Catholic particular church. A coadjutor bishop is a bishop in the Catholic, Anglican, and (historically) Eastern Orthodox churches whose main role is to assist the diocesan bishop in the administration of the diocese. The diocesan administrator remains in charge until a new bishop takes possession of the see or until he presents his resignation to the college of consultors.[5]. Canon 98 Majority §1 One who reaches majority has full rights in the church. The Ermland/Warmia see was a Prussian diocese under the jurisdiction of the Archbishopric of Riga that was a protectorate of Teutonic Prussia (1243–1466) and a protectorate by treaty of Poland - later part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Peace of Thorn (1466–1772). Canon law requests voluntary resignation. The first registered bishop was ordained in the diocese in 1053, and the diocese ceased to exist in 1994. However, in the early years of Reformation, with the schism not yet fully implemented, it was not always obvious, who tended to Protestantism, so that some candidates only turned out to be Protestants after they had been papally confirmed as bishop and imperially invested as prince. Canon law subjects his activity to various legal restrictions and to special supervision by the college of consultors (as for example canons 272 and 485). The Holy Roman Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. It was promulgated on 25 January 1983 by John Paul II and took legal effect on the First Sunday of Advent 1983. Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg was a Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, then Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück, then Prince-Bishop of Paderborn. So they then also elected Protestants as bishops, who usually were denied papal confirmation. The current ordinary is Wolfgang Ipolt. However, he is given authority to appoint pastors if no archbishop is named within a year of Archbishop Buechlein’s retirement. An episcopal conference, sometimes called a conference of bishops, is an official assembly of the bishops of the Catholic Church in a given territory. An auxiliary bishop is a bishop assigned to assist the diocesan bishop in meeting the pastoral and administrative needs of the diocese. The coadjutor is a bishop himself, although he is also appointed as vicar general. This type of apostolic administrator is usually the bishop of a titular see. However, one common restriction was that administered prince-bishoprics were denied to emit their deputees to the diets of the Empire or of the imperial circles (German : Reichstag, or Kreistag, respectively). •§3. Bishop-elect Kulick, a 54-year-old canon lawyer, has served as diocesan administrator since Sept. 15, when he was elected to the post by the diocese’s College of … The information that Protestant clerical rulers would generally have been called administrators, as written in several encyclopedies, does not fit historically documented practice. However, one common restriction was that administered prince-bishoprics were denied to emit their deputies to the diets of the Empire or of the imperial circles (German: Reichstag, or Kreistag, respectively). With many capitulars converting to Lutheranism or Calvinism during the Reformation, the majorities in many chapters consisted of Protestant capitulars. ... • Translations are from Code of Canon Law ---English Edition New Translation, prepared under the auspices of the Canon Law Society of America, Washington, D.C. 1999. From 1821 to 1930 it was subjected directly to the Apostolic See. Later, when Protestants were usually denied papal confirmation, the emperors nevertheless invested the unconfirmed candidates as princes - by a so-called liege indult (German: Lehnsindult) - due to political coalitions and conflicts within the empire, in order to gain candidates as imperial partisans. A vicar general is the principal deputy of the bishop of a diocese for the exercise of administrative authority and possesses the title of local ordinary. As vicar of the bishop, the vicar general exercises the bishop's ordinary executive power over the entire diocese and, thus, is the highest official in a diocese or other particular church after the diocesan bishop or his equivalent in canon law. Groupings of Particular Churches”, in The Code of Canon Law, A Text and Commentary, (eds.) Since the Investiture Controversy in 11th and 12th centuries the cathedral chapters used to elect the Catholic bishops in the Holy Roman Empire. I looked at the Code of Canon Law referenced in the article (Book II, Part II, Section II, Chapter III, Art. The election of a diocesan administrator is a fulfillment of Canon Law 421 (1) which states: “The College of Consultors must elect a Diocesan Administrator, namely the one who is … Its capital was Minden which is in modern-day Germany. §2 Where circumstances require it, the Apostolic See can give the Metropolitan special functions and power, to be determined in particular law. The territory was referred to at the time as Stift Verden or Hochstift Verden, roughly equating to Prince-Bishopric of Verden. [6] In those countries in which the episcopal conference has transferred the functions, the cathedral chapter, and not the consultors, elect the diocesan administrator. The diocesan administrator has greater powers, essentially those of a bishop except for matters excepted by the nature of the matter or expressly by law. In modern times, the coadjutor automatically succeeds the diocesan bishop upon the latter's retirement, removal, or death. Unconfirmed incumbents of the sees were called Elected Bishops or Elected Archbishops. Some Bishops ruled more than one bishopric for long. Some (not all) of the Diocesan Bishop’s decisions require that they be given a hearing or “consulted;” other decisions require their consent when indicated in canon law. The twelve members of the Diocesan Chapter also fulfill the role of College of Consultors in the Diocese of Clogher, thereby acting as senior advisers to the bishop and, in the event of a vacant See, electing a Diocesan Administrator when required to do so. It replaced the 1917 Code of Canon Law, promulgated by Benedict XV on 27 May 1917. More importantly, it set the stage for the religious and political system of the High Middle Ages. Apostolic administrators of stable administrations are equivalent in canon law with diocesan bishops, meaning they have essentially the same authority as a diocesan bishop. And there are a number of things which the law specifically does not permit an administrator to do. Canon 427.1 states that a diocesan administrator has the power of a diocesan bishop, excluding those matters which are excepted by their very nature or by the law itself. [3]. Other age canons include: bishop, married deacon and diocesan administrator 35, VG, JV and EV 30, Priest 25, final religious profession 21. 3 They can be "numbered", in which case they are provided with a fixed "prebend", or "unnumbered", in which case the bishop indicates the number of canons according to the rents. The coadjutor bishop is, however, given authority beyond that ordinarily given to the vicar general, making him co-head of the diocese in all but ceremonial precedence. The college of consultors elects an administrator within eight days after the see is known to be vacant. ownership of ecclesiastical goods is safeguarded in ways which are valid in civil law (Canon 1284, §2, 2 ). A diocesan administrator is bound by the obligations and possesses the power of a diocesan bishop, excluding those matters which are excepted by their nature or by the law itself. The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was a Roman Catholic archdiocese (969–1552) and Prince-Archbishopric (1180–1680) of the Holy Roman Empire centered on the city of Magdeburg on the Elbe River. Eike Wolgast: Hochstift und Reformation. Administrators sede vacante or sede plena only serve in their role until a newly chosen diocesan bishop takes possession of the diocese. In modern times the earning assets could also be financial assets donated to form a fund to maintain an endowment, especially a charitable foundation. With many capitulars converting to Lutheranism or Calvinism during the Reformation, the majorities in many chapters consisted of Protestant capitulars. Originally ruled by Roman-Catholic bishops, after 1586 it was ruled by lay administrators and bishops who were members of the Protestant Holstein-Gottorp line of the House of Oldenburg. The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia was a semi-independent ecclesiastical state, ruled by the incumbent ordinary of the Ermland/Warmia see and comprising one third of the then diocesan area. [2] If the college of consultors fails to elect a priest of the required minimum age within the time allotted, the choice of diocesan administrator passes to the metropolitan archbishop or, if the metropolitan see is vacant, to the senior by appointment of the suffragan bishops of the ecclesiastical province.[3]. Many Protestant candidates, elected by the capitulars, neither achieved papal confirmation nor a liege indult, but nevertheless, as a matter of fact held de facto princely power. Papally confirmed bishops were then invested by the emperor with the princely regalia, thus the title prince-bishop. The members of the Diocesan Chapter are: (See Code of Canon Law, no’s 502-510). Diocesan administrators in canon law. The Bishopric of Ratzeburg, centered on Ratzeburg in Northern Germany, was originally a suffragan to the Archdiocese of Hamburg, which transformed into the Archdiocese of Bremen in 1072. Since the Investiture Controversy in 11th and 12th centuries the cathedral chapters used to elect the Catholic bishops in the Holy Roman Empire. The administrator, even if he is a priest, has the powers and obligations of a diocesan Bishop except in cases where the law explicitly restricts him or when the nature of the case itself reserved the action to the diocesan Bishop (canon 427, § 1). So they then also elected Protestants as bishops, who usually were denied papal confirmation. By undercutting imperial power, the controversy led to nearly 50 years of civil war in Germany. Some Bishops ruled more than one bishopric for long. Diocesan financial officers should begin to develop an implementation plan for review and discussion with their bishops, Finance Councils, and auditors. [2] If the college of consultors fails to elect a priest of the required minimum age within the time allotted, the choice of diocesan administrator passes to the metropolitan archbishop or, if the metropolitan see is vacant, to the senior by appointment of the suffragan bishops of the ecclesiastical province. 2, #416-430, The Vacant See), and it doesn’t mention how long apostolic administrator appointments take. Imperial immediacy was a privileged constitutional and political status rooted in German feudal law under which the Imperial estates of the Holy Roman Empire such as Imperial cities, prince-bishoprics and secular principalities, and individuals such as the Imperial knights, were declared free from the authority of any local lord and placed under the direct authority of the Emperor, and later of the institutions of the Empire such as the Diet, the Imperial Chamber of Justice and the Aulic Council. The diocesan administrator has greater powers, essentially those of a bishop except for matters excepted by the nature of the matter or expressly by law. [1] The college must elect as administrator a priest or bishop at least 35 years old. This was because the emperor would have to use force to bar the candidates from ruling, with the emperors lacking the respective power or pursuing other goals. However, the Peace also secularised many of the prior Protestant prince-bishoprics and transformed them into hereditary monarchies. [4] Canon law subjects his activity to various legal restrictions and to special supervision by the college of consultors (as for example canons 272 and 485). Most of the prince-archbishopric lay rather in the area to the north of the city of Bremen, between the Weser and Elbe rivers. A college, in the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, is a collection of persons united together for a common object so as to form one body. In some Church of England cathedrals there are two such bodies, the lesser and greater chapters, which have different functions. Codex Iuris Canonici Canons 431–432 (1917). Also the opposite occurred with a papally confirmed bishop, never invested as prince. Later, when Protestants were usually denied papal confirmation, the emperors nevertheless invested the unconfirmed candidates as princes - by a so-called liege indult (German : Lehnsindult) - due to political coalitions and conflicts within the empire, in order to gain candidates as imperial partisans. Canon 421 §1 The college of consultors must elect a diocesan administrator, namely the one who is to govern the diocese temporarily, within eight days from receiving notice of the vacancy of an episcopal see and without prejudice to the provisions of Can. This territory described in local sources today incorrectly as Bistum Verden and, in 1648, was given the title Principality of Verden, sometimes referred to as the Duchy of Verden. A diocese becomes vacant whenever the diocesan bishop dies, retires, resigns, or is … Code of Canon Law - Book II - The People of God - Part II. For example, Church law allows the administrator to issue letters authorizing the ordination of diocesan priests or deacons but states he can only do so with the consent of the College of Consultors of the diocese. The prince-archbishopric, which was under the secular rule of the archbishop, consisted of about a third of the diocesan territory. The title normally occurs only in Western Christian churches, such as the Latin Church of the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion. In any beside their primary bishopric, they would have to be called an administrator. McKenna notes that the Code of Canon Law is designed for mediation, not litigation. When the diocesan seat/see is vacant, the College of Consultors elects a diocesan administrator within eight days unless one is appointed by the Holy See. The Consultors’ letter says, Thawale was elected to fill the vacancy in fulfilment of Canon Law (Can. When carrying out the duties pertaining to the administration of temporal goods, canon law requires that civil laws be observed unless they are contrary to divine law and unless canon law provides otherwise (can. However, sometimes the respective incumbent of the see never gained a papal confirmation, but was still invested with the princely power. An episcopal conference can transfer the functions of the consultors to the cathedral chapter. Canon law itself denies the administrator the power to perform certain actions that are permitted to the diocesan bishop. Eike Wolgast: Hochstift und Reformation. This was because the emperor would have to use force to bar the candidates from ruling, with the emperors lacking the respective power or pursuing other goals. The title for the equivalent officer in the Eastern churches is syncellus and protosyncellus. A similar situation was in a number of imperially immediate abbeys with their prince-abbots and princess-abbesses. Cf. Episcopal conferences have long existed as informal entities. Studien zur Geschichte der Reichskirche zwischen 1517 und 1648, Stuttgart 1995, Catholic Church hierarchy#Equivalents of diocesan bishops in law, Prince-bishoprics ruled by Protestant bishops, Code of Canon Law, canons 421 §2 and 425 §3, Out-of-date article in the Catholic Encyclopedia, written before the Codes of Canon Law of 1917 and 1983 altered the conditions. The see also does not become vacant if the Pope appoints an apostolic administrator. Even more confusingly, parts of the prince-archbishopric belonged in religious respect to the neighbouring diocese of Verden, making up 10% of its diocesan territory. [4] Canon law subjects his activity to various legal restrictions and to special supervision by the college of consultors (as for example canons 272 and 485). Handbook,” shall constitute the corpus of canon law for the Diocese of Charleston for parish administration. Before the election of the diocesan administrator of a vacant see, the governance of the see is entrusted, with the powers of a vicar general, to the auxiliary bishop, if there is one, or to the senior among them, if there are several, otherwise to the college of consultors as a whole. Unconfirmed incumbents of the sees were called Elected Bishops or Elected Archbishops. Between 1821 and 1972 it was officially known as (Arch)Diocese of Breslau. Also the opposite occurred with a papally confirmed bishop, never invested as prince. The city of Bremen was de facto and de jure not part of the prince-archbishopric. •Civil courts must defer to hierarchical tribunals to avoid civil interpretation of, and subsequent For this reason, from the very beginning of the Diocese, steps were taken to obtain civil incorporation. (See Code of Canon Law, no’s 502-510). 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