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The Basilica of Saint Mary Major (Italian: Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Italian pronunciation: [ˈsanta maˈriːa madˈdʒoːre]; Latin: Basilica Sanctae Mariae Maioris), or church of Santa Maria Maggiore, is a Papal major basilica and the largest Catholic Marian church in Rome, Italy.. As its name clearly indicates, it is dedicated to Saint Mary and the martyrs. This discordance has not always been appreciated, and the attic level was redone according to Neoclassical taste in the 18th century.[68]. A rectangular vestibule links the porch to the rotunda, which is under a coffered concrete dome, with a central opening (oculus) to the sky. 1/4/2015. Weddings are also held there from time to time. [52], No tensile test results are available on the concrete used in the Pantheon; however, Cowan discussed tests on ancient concrete from Roman ruins in Libya, which gave a compressive strength of 20 MPa (2,900 psi). Its date of construction is uncertain, because Hadrian chose not to inscribe the new temple but rather to retain the inscription of Agrippa's older temple, which had burned down. In the Chapel of the Crucifixion, the Roman brick wall is visible in the niches. Basilica Decree: Immemorial. 766 reviews. Though the idea of having one church to worship all gods seems questionable, some people suspected that the building was surrounded by many gods’ statues and thus the name. Lise Hetland argues that the present construction began in 114, under Trajan, four years after it was destroyed by fire for the second time (Oros. The third niche has a sculpture by Il Lorenzone of St Anne and the Blessed Virgin. Hadrian's temple was dedicated to the classical gods – hence the name Pantheon, a derivation of the Greek words pan (all) and theos (god) – but in AD 608 it was consecrated as a Christian church and it's now officially known as the Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres. [2], The building is cylindrical with a portico of large granite Corinthian columns (eight in the first rank and two groups of four behind) under a pediment. Dio appears to be the only near-contemporaneous writer to mention the Pantheon. The Basilica Of Santa Maria And Martyrs. In 2013, it was visited by over 6 million people. To the sides are paintings (1661) by Francesco Cozza, one of the Virtuosi: Adoration of the Shepherds on left side and Adoration of the Magi on right. Vi invitiamo quindi a tenere un comportamento adeguato e a mantenere il silenzio. [41] Concerning this, an anonymous contemporary Roman satirist quipped in a pasquinade (a publicly posted poem) that quod non fecerunt barbari fecerunt Barberini ("What the barbarians did not do the Barberinis [Urban VIII's family name] did"). Pantheon Santa Maria ad Martyres. [8] His uncertainty strongly suggests that "Pantheon" (or Pantheum) was merely a nickname, not the formal name of the building. The second niche has a 15th-century fresco of the Tuscan school, depicting the Coronation of the Virgin. Linda E. Cambridge, MA. They were floated by barge down the Nile River when the water level was high during the spring floods, and then transferred to vessels to cross the Mediterranean Sea to the Roman port of Ostia. Since the French Revolution, the Church of St. Genevieve in Paris was deconsecrated and turned into Pantheon of Paris. Most of the bronze was used to make bombards for the fortification of Castel Sant'Angelo, with the remaining amount used by the Apostolic Camera for various other works. Basilica of Santa Maria ad Martyres in Rome PENTECOST AT THE PANTHEON Liturgy behind closed doors in live streaming - May 31st from 10.00 Learn more Pantheon - Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres - Roma; Discover the activities of the Basilica, the time of the celebrations, the history of the monument and all you can do in the Pantheon. The present arrangement is from 1811, designed by Antonio Muñoz. All other extant ancient domes were either designed with tie-rods, chains and banding or have been retrofitted with such devices to prevent collapse. During storms, a drainage system below the floor handles the rain that falls through the oculus. "[12], Since the French Revolution, when the church of Sainte-Geneviève in Paris was deconsecrated and turned into the secular monument called the Panthéon of Paris, the generic term pantheon has sometimes been applied to other buildings in which illustrious dead are honoured or buried. But it is still kept in its original gothic style. It was originally dedicated to the Holy Spirit. The interior is filled with beautiful marble. Later construction raised the level of the ground leading to the portico, eliminating these steps. The Pantheon Basilica is dedicated to St. Mary and Martyrs since then. In the third chapel is a 15th-century painting of the Umbrian school, The Madonna of Mercy between St Francis and St John the Baptist. The stucco relief on the left, Dream of St Joseph, is by Paolo Benaglia, and the one on the right, Rest during the flight from Egypt, is by Carlo Monaldi. Worth noting is the Pentecost mass and the rose petals shower afterwards. [7] Cassius Dio, a Roman senator who wrote in Greek, speculated that the name comes either from the statues of many gods placed around this building, or from the resemblance of the dome to the heavens. The Pantheon, literally means all gods, was originally dedicated to every gods in ancient Roman time. The building is circular with a portico of three ranks of huge granite Corinthian columns under a … a titular church for a cardinal-deacon. 6.8K likes. The dedication is to the Blessed Virgin Maryand to all the martyrs of the city of Rome. As a result of excavations in the late 19th century, archaeologist Rodolfo Lanciani concluded that Agrippa's Pantheon was oriented so that it faced south, in contrast with the current layout that faces north, and that it had a shortened T-shaped plan with the entrance at the base of the "T". [65][66] In antiquity, the coffers may have contained bronze rosettes symbolising the starry firmament. The first chapel on the left, is the Chapel of St Joseph in the Holy Land, and is the chapel of the Confraternity of the Virtuosi at the Pantheon. The wooden crucifix on the altar is from the 15th century. Though the idea of having one church to worship all gods seems questionable, some people suspected that the building was … The interior of the dome was possibly intended to symbolize the arched vault of the heavens. Because of this, the interior floor is equipped with drains and has been built with an incline of about 30 centimetres (12 in) to promote water run off.[62][63]. Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, Lazio, Italy. The name Pantheon, which means "Temple of All Gods" in Greek, is a nickname now universally used and has replaced the traditional Santa Maria Rotonda. Other people suggested that the building itself, the dome looks like the path to heaven. The bronze epigram commemorated Pope Clement XI's restoration of the sanctuary. Prefecture: I. Embed review. [69], The dome photographed with a fisheye lens in 2016, South east view of the Pantheon from Piazza della Minerva, 2006, The dome of the Pantheon seen from the hill of Janiculum, Tomb of King Victor Emmanuel II, "Father of his Country", As the best-preserved example of an Ancient Roman monumental building, the Pantheon has been enormously influential in Western architecture from at least the Renaissance on;[70] starting with Brunelleschi's 42-metre (138 ft) dome of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, completed in 1436. [74], The portico-and-dome form of the Pantheon can be detected in many buildings of the 19th and 20th centuries; numerous government and public buildings, city halls, university buildings, and public libraries echo its structure. [51] Finite element analysis of the structure by Mark and Hutchison[53] found a maximum tensile stress of only 0.128 MPa (18.5 psi) at the point where the dome joins the raised outer wall. [34] On its consecration, Boniface placed an icon of the Mother of God as 'Panagia Hodegetria' (All Holy Directress) within the new sanctuary.[35]. His fiancée, Maria Bibbiena is buried to the right of his sarcophagus; she died before they could marry. The first niche to the right of the entrance holds a Madonna of the Girdle and St Nicholas of Bari (1686) painted by an unknown artist. In 1747, the broad frieze below the dome with its false windows was "restored," but bore little resemblance to the original. Informazioni su Pantheon – Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres Salta le informazioni e vai agli eventi in programma. [27] How the building was actually used is not known. [43] The taller porch would have hidden the second pediment visible on the intermediate block. [36] Two columns were swallowed up in the medieval buildings that abutted the Pantheon on the east and were lost. It was rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD. On the right side is the low relief Cardinal Consalvi presents to Pope Pius VII the five provinces restored to the Holy See (1824) made by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen. Design Italiano. [48] Thus, it was necessary to either drag them or to move them on rollers to the construction site. Holes marking the location of clamps that held the sculpture suggest that its design was likely an eagle within a wreath; ribbons extended from the wreath into the corners of the pediment.[42]. The final niche on the right side has a statue of St. Anastasio (1725) by Bernardino Cametti.[69]. The altar in the chapel is covered with false marble. The marble interior has largely survived, although with extensive restoration. The only definite pantheon recorded earlier than Agrippa's was at Antioch in Syria, though it is only mentioned by a sixth-century source. Domitian rebuilt the Pantheon, which was burnt again in 110 AD. The checkerboard floor pattern contrasts with the concentric circles of square coffers in the dome. The Pantheon (UK: /ˈpænθiən/, US: /-ɒn/;[1] Latin: Pantheum,[nb 1] from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, "[temple] of all the gods") is a former Roman temple, now a Catholic church (Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres or Basilica of St. Mary and the Martyrs), in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD). The final niche on this side has a statue of St. Evasius (Sant'Evasio) (1727) by Francesco Moderati. The Pantheon, literally means all gods, was originally dedicated to every gods in ancient Roman time. Cassius Dio, a Graeco-Roman senator, consul and author of a comprehensive History of Rome, writing approximately 75 years after the Pantheon's reconstruction, mistakenly attributed the domed building to Agrippa rather than Hadrian. The golden lamp above the tomb burns in honor of Victor Emmanuel III, who died in exile in 1947. The Pantheon (UK: / ˈ p æ n θ i ə n /, US: /-ɒ n /; Latin: Pantheum, from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, "[temple] of all the gods") is a former Roman temple, now a Catholic church (Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres or Basilica of St. Mary and the Martyrs), in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD). On 23 July 1725, the Pantheon was established as Cardinal-deaconry of S. Maria ad Martyres, i.e. The oculus at the top of the dome was never covered, allowing rainfall through the ceiling and onto the floor. [45] The grey granite columns that were actually used in the Pantheon's pronaos were quarried in Egypt at Mons Claudianus in the eastern mountains. Basilica di Santa Maria del Popolo. Bearing in mind also that the Greek word θεῖος (theios) need not mean 'of a god' but could mean 'superhuman', or even 'excellent'. Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. [10] Ziegler tried to collect evidence of panthea, but his list consists of simple dedications "to all the gods" or "to the Twelve Gods", which are not necessarily true pantheons in the sense of a temple housing a cult that literally worships all the gods. Santa Maria Maggiore is a patriarchal basilica dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.The basilica is also known as Basilica Liberiana after the founder, as Santa Maria della Neve (Our Lady of the Snow) after a miracle associated with it; and as Santa Maria ad Praesepem from the relic of the crib (presepio).. 23 maggio 2020: Anniversario Ordinazione di Padre Serge La comunità tutta di S Maria ad Martyres si stringe a Padre Serge nel giorno che ricorda il suo Sì alla Chiesa, al Vangelo, a Cristo. [12] It seems highly significant that Dio does not quote the simplest explanation for the name—that the Pantheon was dedicated to all the gods. The Pantheon is full of such devices – for example, there are relieving arches over the recesses inside – but all these arches were hidden by marble facing on the interior and possibly by stone revetment or stucco on the exterior. Anyway, the Pantheon remained pagan until Emperor Phocas gave the Pantheon to Pope Boniface Iv in 609 and the Pantheon is Christianized. Basilica di Santa Maria ad martyres in Campo (“Pantheon”) Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs Roma, Roma, Lazio, Italy. At its thickest point, the aggregate is travertine, then terracotta tiles, then at the very top, tufa and pumice, both porous light stones. Masses are celebrated there on Sundays and holy days of obligation. From him we know that "the capitals, too, of the pillars, which were placed by M. Agrippa in the Pantheon, are made of Syracusan bronze",[23] that "the Pantheon of Agrippa has been decorated by Diogenes of Athens, and the Caryatides, by him, which form the columns of that temple, are looked upon as masterpieces of excellence: the same, too, with the statues that are placed upon the roof,"[24] and that one of Cleopatra's pearls was cut in half so that each half "might serve as pendants for the ears of Venus, in the Pantheon at Rome". On the left wall is a Descent of the Holy Ghost (1790) by Pietro Labruzi. 31/08/2020 . av kejsar Hadrianus och ersatte då, troligen med den arkitekturintresserade kejsarens medverkan, [1] en tidigare tempelbyggnad, som konsuln Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa hade låtit uppföra år 27 f.Kr., Pantheon brukades sedan 600-talet som kyrka under namnet Santa Maria ad Martyres. The bust is a portrait of Cardinal Agostino Rivarola. La Basilica è, tuttora, una chiesa, dove viene celebrato, con continuità, il culto cristiano e che considera essenziale accompagnare le celebrazioni con impegni di solidarietà. On coins, the same words, "M. Agrippa L.f cos. tertium", were the ones used to refer to him after his death; consul tertium serving as "a sort of posthumous cognomen ex virtute, a remembrance of the fact that, of all the men of his generation apart from Augustus himself, he was the only one to hold the consulship thrice. The Pantheon's large circular domed cella, with a conventional temple portico front, was unique in Roman architecture. "[28] Whatever the cause of the alteration of the inscription might have been, the new inscription reflects the fact that there was a change in the building's purpose.[29]. It has this name, perhaps because it received among the images which decorated it the statues of many gods, including Mars and Venus; but my own opinion of the name is that, because of its vaulted roof, it resembles the heavens. Pantheon - Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres - Roma, Roma (Rome, Italy). On the right wall is the canvas Emperor Phocas presenting the Pantheon to Pope Boniface IV (1750) by an unknown. Each was 11.9 metres tall, 1.5 metres in diameter, and 60 tonnes in weight. [5], The pediment was decorated with relief sculpture, probably of gilded bronze. ... the door of #pantheon is the largest remaining door from roman times . 408 reviews of Pantheon - Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres "A great beautiful building with fab art. BASILICA DI SANTA MARIA AD MARTYRES. From then on, the Pantheon basilica is running as a Christian church where masses are held every week and at special events. Among those buried there are the painters Raphael and Annibale Carracci, the composer Arcangelo Corelli, and the architect Baldassare Peruzzi. "[20] However, archaeological excavations have shown that the Pantheon of Agrippa had been completely destroyed except for the façade. Considerato un capolavoro dell’architettura romana, il celebre e grandioso monumento venne eretto da Marco Vipsanio Agrippa nel 27 a.C. in onore di tutti gli dei. [13] In fact, Livy wrote that it had been decreed that temple buildings (or perhaps temple cellae) should only be dedicated to single divinities, so that it would be clear who would be offended if, for example, the building were struck by lightning, and because it was only appropriate to offer sacrifice to a specific deity (27.25.7–10). Circumscription: Papal See of Roma . The Pantheon is a state property, managed by Italy's Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism through the Polo Museale del Lazio. Mark Wilson Jones has attempted to explain the design adjustments carried out in relating the porch to the dome, arguing that the Pantheon's porch was originally designed for monolithic granite columns with shafts 50 Roman feet tall (weighing about 100 tonnes) and capitals 10 Roman feet tall in the Corinthian style. Each zone of the interior, from floor to ceiling, is subdivided according to a different scheme. 5.8K likes. [57] These dimensions make more sense when expressed in ancient Roman units of measurement: The dome spans 150 Roman feet; the oculus is 30 Roman feet in diameter; the doorway is 40 Roman feet high. The edific… Building work began on the cathedral in 1296, although it was not consecrated until 1436. Filippo Brunelleschi, among other architects, looked to the Pantheon as inspiration for their works. Much fine external marble has been removed over the centuries – for example, capitals from some of the pilasters are in the British Museum. There are three memorial plaques in the floor, one conmmemorating a Gismonda written in the vernacular. When Pope Boniface IV took over the Pantheon, he removed everything non-Christian. [16] The former would help explain how the building could have so easily lost its original name and purpose (Ziolkowski contends that it was originally the Temple of Mars in Campo)[17] in such a relatively short period of time.[18]. She reexamined Herbert Bloch's 1959 paper, which is responsible for the commonly maintained Hadrianic date, and maintains that he should not have excluded all of the Trajanic-era bricks from his brick-stamp study. Her argument is particularly interesting in light of Heilmeyer's argument that, based on stylistic evidence, Apollodorus of Damascus, Trajan's architect, was the obvious architect. The top of the rotunda wall features a series of brick relieving arches, visible on the outside and built into the mass of the brickwork. It is one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings, in large part because it has been in continuous use throughout its history and, since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been in use as a church dedicated to "St. Mary and the Martyrs" (Latin: Sancta Maria ad Martyres) but informally known as "Santa Maria Rotonda". Basilica collegiata di Santa Maria ad Martyres; ... o Santa Maria ad Martyres, il che gli ha consentito di sopravvivere quasi integro alle spoliazioni inflitte dai papi agli edifici della Roma classica. Pope Urban VIII (1623 to 1644) ordered the bronze ceiling of the Pantheon's portico melted down. On the first niche to the left of the entrance is an Assumption (1638) by Andrea Camassei. 4.6K likes. As a result, the interior decorative zones do not line up. Mark and Hutchison estimated that, if normal weight concrete had been used throughout, the stresses in the arch would have been some 80% greater. The altar with the royal arms is by Cirilli. In the 15th century, the Pantheon was adorned with paintings: the best-known is the Annunciation by Melozzo da Forlì. This evenly spaced layout was difficult to achieve and, it is presumed, had symbolic meaning, either numerical, geometric, or lunar. [57] The oculus at the dome's apex and the entry door are the only natural sources of light in the interior. [44] This substitution was probably a result of logistical difficulties at some stage in the construction. At the very top, where the dome would be at its weakest and vulnerable to collapse, the oculus actually lightens the load. On 26 May 1929, this deaconry was suppressed to establish the Cardinal Deaconry of S. Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine. The Pantheon Of Rome, Italy. On the vault are several 17th-century canvases, from left to right: Cumean Sibyl by Ludovico Gimignani; Moses by Francesco Rosa; Eternal Father by Giovanni Peruzzini; David by Luigi Garzi; and Eritrean Sibyl by Giovanni Andrea Carlone. The bust on the left is a portrait of Baldassare Peruzzi, derived from a plaster portrait by Giovanni Duprè. Closed down, no official religious use 395 to 609: 214 years. The frieze has allegorical representations of Generosity, by Eugenio Maccagnani, and Munificence, by Arnaldo Zocchi. [61], Upon entry, visitors are greeted by an enormous rounded room covered by the dome. Please: pantheon-rome.com is an independent guide website. Nato come casa di tutti gli dei nel 27 A.C e nel tempo divenuta la Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres, ad oggi rappresenta una perfetta sintesi di eternità e contemporaneità. not "Aedes Panthei" (temple of all the gods). [51] The materials used in the concrete of the dome also vary. In the walls at the back of the Pantheon's portico are two huge niches, perhaps intended for statues of Augustus Caesar and Agrippa. Gode del rango di basilica minore ed è l'unica basilica di Roma oltre a quelle patriarcali ad avere ancora un capitolo. The basilica di Santa Maria Sopra Minerva is the only catholic church in Rome that has not undergone a complete baroque makeover like many other churches in Rome. [75], Works modelled on, or inspired by, the Pantheon, Andrew J. Ekonomou. The tomb of King Umberto I and his wife Margherita di Savoia is in the next chapel. Feb 8, 2018 - Explore Yvonne Boone's board "Doors of Italy", followed by 272 people on Pinterest. Lexington books, Toronto, 2007, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCinti2007 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWilson-Jones2000 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRoss2000 (, Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism, M[arcus] Aurelius Antoninus Pius Felix Aug[ustus], S. Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine, National Institute of Honour Guards to the Royal Tombs, List of the oldest buildings in the world, "Nuova guida metodica di Roma e suoi contorni – Parte Terza ("New methodic guide to Rome and its suburbs – Third Part")", Another view of the interior by Panini (1735), Liechtenstein Museum, Vienna, "Pantheon, The ruins and excavations of ancient Rome", http://www.romanconcrete.com/docs/chapt01/chapt01.htm, "Hooping as an Ancient Remedy for Conservation of Large Masonry Domes", Official webpage from Vicariate of Rome website, Tomás García Salgado, "The geometry of the Pantheon's vault", Panoramic Virtual Tour inside the Pantheon, Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province of Rome, Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum, Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantheon,_Rome&oldid=992354073#Cardinal_deaconry, 2nd-century religious buildings and structures, Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Rome, Conversion of non-Christian religious buildings and structures into churches, Buildings converted to Catholic church buildings, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016, Articles containing Italian-language text, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of, This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 20:44. 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Dedicated about 126 ad form a sophisticated structural system cella, measuring 4.45m by. A 15th-century fresco of the entrance is an Assumption ( 1638 ) Francesco! Roma Antigua que aún se conserva. [ 69 ] Phocas gave Pantheon... Plaques commemorate Maria Bibbiena is buried to the chapel of the Virgin and St Agnes, by Eugenio,! Italy '', followed by 272 people on Pinterest [ 26 ], entry. Bust on the right of his sarcophagus ; she died before they could marry Guards the...

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