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Globalization and World Cities Research Network, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Names of European cities in different languages: A, Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport, List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece, New Athens Township, St. Clair County, Illinois, Athens Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, Athens Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, Athens University of Economics and Business, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education, Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, The Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Centre, population exchange between Greece and Turkey, "Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018 – Greece", "Contents and Principles of the Programme of Unification of the Archaeological Sites of Athens", "Greece uncovers 'holy grail' of Greek archeology", "Port of the month: Piraeus Port Authority", "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. 16–28. The oldest known human presence in Athens is the Cave of Schist, which has been dated to between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Athens has been a destination for travellers since antiquity. In the northern suburb of Maroussi, the upgraded main Olympic Complex (known by its Greek acronym OAKA) dominates the skyline. Nikos Gounaris was probably the most renowned composer and singer of the time. The city also retains Roman and Byzantine monuments, as well as a smaller number of Ottoman monuments, while its historical urban core features elements of continuity through its millennia of history. Four mountain ranges extend into city boundaries and thousands of miles of trails crisscross the city and neighboring areas, providing exercise and wilderness access on foot and bike. 209–218. The official guide to the city of Athens. The 1906 Summer Olympics, or the 1906 Intercalated games, were held in Athens. 201–216. Its main section extends from the western industrial suburb of Elefsina to Athens International Airport; while two beltways, namely the Aigaleo Beltway (A65) and the Hymettus Beltway (A64) serve parts of western and eastern Athens respectively. Yet such considerations are superficial when compared with the fecundity of Athens’s bequests to the world, such as its philosophy, its architecture, its literature, and its political ideals. Athens is built around a number of hills. Updates? Christmas in Athens is beyond magical. Athens is indeed the capital city of Greece, and as well is a traditional power centre of ancient Greek civilization. [131] The network runs from Syntagma Square to the southwestern suburb of Palaio Faliro, where the line splits in two branches; the first runs along the Athens coastline toward the southern suburb of Voula, while the other heads toward Neo Faliro. The incumbent Mayor of Athens is Kostas Bakoyannis of New Democracy. The municipality (Center) of Athens is the most populous in Greece, with a population of 664,046 people (in 2011)[2] and an area of 38.96 km2 (15.04 sq mi),[15] forming the core of the Athens Urban Area within the Attica Basin. Athens dominates the Attica periphery and it is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Athens is the capital of Greece and largest city of Greece. The Embassy of France in Vasilissis Sofias Avenue. The Port of Piraeus is the largest port in Greece and one of the largest in Europe. Mount Parnitha is the tallest of the four mountains (1,413 m (4,636 ft)),[37] and has been declared a national park. [15][16] The Athens Urban Area (Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits, with a population of 3,090,508 (in 2011)[17] over an area of 412 km2 (159 sq mi). The regional units of Central Athens, North Athens, South Athens, West Athens and Piraeus with part of East[79] and West Attica[80] regional units combined make up the continuous Athens Urban Area,[80][81][82] also called the "Urban Area of the Capital" or simply "Athens" (the most common use of the term), spanning over 412 km2 (159 sq mi),[83] with a population of 3,090,508 people as of 2011. It employs a staff of 14,000.[135]. All the activities of UNIWA are carried out in the modern infrastructure of the three University Campuses within the metropolitan region of Athens (Egaleo Park, Ancient Olive Groove and Athens), which offer modern teaching and research spaces, entertainment and support facilities for all students. [17] As Eurostat the FUA of Athens had in 2013 3,828,434 inhabitants, being apparently decreasing compared with the pre-economic crisis date of 2009 (4,164,175)[18]. The Athens area encompasses a variety of terrain, notably hills and mountains rising around the city, and the capital is the only major city in Europe to be bisected by a mountain range. [44] According to a Mercer 2019 Quality of Living Survey, Athens ranks 89th on the Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranking. Hiking and mountain-biking in all four mountains are popular outdoor activities for residents of the city. The most successful songs during the period 1870–1930 were the so-called Athenian serenades (Αθηναϊκές καντάδες), based on the Heptanesean kantádhes (καντάδες 'serenades'; sing. Athens - the EU capital city without a mosque. [156] The Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, inaugurated in 2016, will house the National Library of Greece and the Greek National Opera.[157]. The city was freed in 1833, and in the following 170 years it was the scene of more than a dozen revolutions, another brutal foreign occupation, and a civil war of especial savagery. During the 1920s a number of Greek refugees, expelled from Asia Minor after the Greco-Turkish War, swelled Athens's population; nevertheless it was most particularly following World War II, and from the 1950s and 1960s, that the population of the city exploded, and Athens experienced a gradual expansion. From that point forward, preparations continued at a highly accelerated, almost frenzied pace. [158] Greece's most notable, and internationally famous, composers of Greek song, mainly of the entechno form, are Manos Hadjidakis and Mikis Theodorakis. The Roman emperor Hadrian, in the 2nd century AD, ordered the construction of a library, a gymnasium, an aqueduct which is still in use, several temples and sanctuaries, a bridge and financed the completion of the Temple of Olympian Zeus. The ancient site of the main city is centred on the rocky hill of the acropolis. Almost three-and-a-half millennium old, the city of Athens is the largest city in Greece today. Piraeus also forms a significant city centre on its own,[78] within the Athens Urban Area and it is the second largest in population size within it, with Peristeri, Kallithea and Kypseli following. In 2000 the Organising Committee's president was replaced by Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, who was the president of the original Bidding Committee in 1997. Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol. The meteorology of Athens is deemed to be one of the most complex in the world because its mountains cause a temperature inversion phenomenon which, along with the Greek Government's difficulties controlling industrial pollution, was responsible for the air pollution problems the city has faced. [149] After World War II, internationally known architects to have designed and built in the city included Walter Gropius, with his design for the US Embassy, and, among others, Eero Saarinen, in his postwar design for the east terminal of the Ellinikon Airport. Katsoulis B.D., Theoharatos G.A. Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe. Athens is one of the major economic centres in south-eastern Europe and is considered as a regional economic power in Europe generally. The Athens Municipality forms the core and center of Greater Athens, which in its turn consists of the Athens Municipality and 34 more municipalities, divided in four regional units (Central, North, South and West Athens), accounting for 2,641,511 people (in 2011)[2] within an area of 361 km2 (139 sq mi). Athens is also the capital of Greece and has the most developed economy in the country. It has been the official capital of Greece since 1834 when the capital was moved there from the Greek city of Nafplio. They settled in poor neighborhoods and brought with them Rebetiko music, making it popular also in Greece, which became later the base for the Laïko music. Parnitha National Park is punctuated by well-marked paths, gorges, springs, torrents and caves dotting the protected area. The Athens Metropolitan Area consists of 58[17] densely populated municipalities, sprawling around the Municipality of Athens (the City Centre) in virtually all directions. Athens, Modern Greek Athínai, Ancient Greek Athēnai, historic city and capital of Greece. The Municipality of Athens, the City Centre of the Athens Urban Area, is divided into several districts: Omonoia, Syntagma, Exarcheia, Agios Nikolaos, Neapolis, Lykavittos, Lofos Strefi, Lofos Finopoulou, Lofos Filopappou, Pedion Areos, Metaxourgeio, Aghios Kostantinos, Larissa Station, Kerameikos, Psiri, Monastiraki, Gazi, Thission, Kapnikarea, Aghia Irini, Aerides, Anafiotika, Plaka, Acropolis, Pnyka, Makrygianni, Lofos Ardittou, Zappeion, Aghios Spyridon, Pangrati, Kolonaki, Dexameni, Evaggelismos, Gouva, Aghios Ioannis, Neos Kosmos, Koukaki, Kynosargous, Fix, Ano Petralona, Kato Petralona, Rouf, Votanikos, Profitis Daniil, Akadimia Platonos, Kolonos, Kolokynthou, Attikis Square, Lofos Skouze, Sepolia, Kypseli, Aghios Meletios, Nea Kypseli, Gyzi, Polygono, Ampelokipoi, Panormou-Gerokomeio, Pentagono, Ellinorosson, Nea Filothei, Ano Kypseli, Tourkovounia-Lofos Patatsou, Lofos Elikonos, Koliatsou, Thymarakia, Kato Patisia, Treis Gefyres, Aghios Eleftherios, Ano Patisia, Kypriadou, Menidi, Prompona, Aghios Panteleimonas, Pangrati, Goudi, Vyronas and Ilisia. [43] A 2019 crime index from Numbeo places Athens at 130th position, rating safer than Tampa, Florida or Dublin, Ireland. The climate of Athens is benign: frost is rare (the minimum temperature is 32 °F, or 0 °C) and snow seldom lies, while the summers, though hot (maximum temperature is 99 °F, or 37 °C), are dry, and a fresh northeasterly wind often blows by day. (2001). The city also ranked 35th in Digital Security, 21st on Health Security, 29th on Infrastructure Security and 41st on Personal Security globally in a 2017 The Economist Intelligence Unit report. For the Athenians, all the urban municipalities surrounding the City Centre are called suburbs. [162], The 2004 Games were judged a success, as both security and organization worked well, and only a few visitors reported minor problems mainly concerning accommodation issues. Also to be found is the Pedion tou Areos (Field of Mars) of 27.7 hectares, near the National Archaeological Museum. The length of Athens's commuter rail network extends to 120 km (75 mi),[130] and is expected to stretch to 281 km (175 mi) by 2010. Lycabettus is one of the tallest hills of the city proper and provides a view of the entire Attica Basin. [54][65], Athens holds the World Meteorological Organization record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Europe, at 48 °C (118.4 °F), which was recorded in the Elefsina and Tatoi suburbs of Athens on 10 July 1977.[66]. Athens became the capital of Greece in 1834, following Nafplion, which was the provisional capital from 1829. Athens has a long tradition in sports and sporting events, serving as home to the most important clubs in Greek sport and housing a large number of sports facilities. Athens' Metropolitan Area is served by the motorway network of the Attiki Odos toll-motorway (code: A6). [132] Further extension is under construction towards the major commercial port of Piraeus. (2006). [136] Of those 15,196,369 passengers, 5,267,593 passed through the airport for domestic flights,[137] and 9,970,006 passengers travelled through for international flights. As we enter the Pre-Lenten season, the City of Athens is transformed into a colourful setting spreading streamers and Carnival fun and joy around the city. Despite the fact that the Athenian songs were not autonomous artistic creations (in contrast with the serenades) and despite their original connection with mainly dramatic forms of Art, they eventually became hits as independent songs. Athens Polytechnic uprising,[145] against the military junta that ruled the nation from 21 April 1967 until 23 July 1974. The Athens area encompasses a variety of terrain, notably hills and mountains rising around the city, and the capital is the only major city in Europe to be bisected by a mountain range. The route in its entirety provides visitors with views of the Parthenon and the Agora (the meeting point of ancient Athenians), away from the busy City Centre. The term Athens can refer either to the Municipality of Athens, to Greater Athens, or to the entire Athens Urban Area. Athens hosts 17 Foreign Archaeological Institutes which promote and facilitate research by scholars from their home countries. In late June 2007,[39] the Attica region experienced a number of brush fires,[39] including a blaze that burned a significant portion of a large forested national park in Mount Parnitha,[40] considered critical to maintaining a better air quality in Athens all year round. [32] This issue is not unique to Athens; for instance, Los Angeles and Mexico City also suffer from similar atmospheric inversion problems.[32]. The Greek Government, aided by the EU, has funded major infrastructure projects such as the state-of-the-art Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport,[150] the expansion of the Athens Metro system,[73] and the new Attiki Odos Motorway.[73]. It was September 18, 1834, when by decree of Otto’s regency, Athens was declared the capital of the young Greek state. Although the heavy cost was criticized, estimated at $1.5 billion, Athens was transformed into a more functional city that enjoys modern technology both in transportation and in modern urban development. Theseus was responsible, according to the myth, for the synoikismos ("dwelling together")—the political unification of Attica under Athens. The root of the word is probably not of Greek or Indo-European origin,[22] and is possibly a remnant of the Pre-Greek substrate of Attica. You’ll need to match them to their countries. Other notable clubs within Athens are Athinaikos, Panionios, Atromitos, Apollon, Panellinios, Ethnikos Piraeus, Maroussi BCE and Peristeri B.C.. Athenian clubs have also had domestic and international success in other sports. The 2004 Summer Olympics required the development of the Athens Olympic Stadium, which has since gained a reputation as one of the most beautiful stadiums in the world, and one of its most interesting modern monuments. It is … [46] With an average of 455 millimetres (17.9 in) of yearly precipitation, rainfall occurs largely between the months of October and April. Professor of Archaeology, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1949–71. Located on Panepistimiou Street, the old campus of the University of Athens, the National Library, and the Athens Academy form the "Athens Trilogy" built in the mid-19th century. These would pave the way for the Greek capital has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification Csa. 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