Name several indicators that scientists use to evaluate the effects of climate change. So, the water osmosed across the plasma membranes out of the radish cells decreasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells and making them crunchier. Which of the following accurately describes HIV? Which of the following statements correctly describes one difference between green algae and land plants? a. exocytosis True or false: Mortality refers to being ill, whereas morbidity refers to dying from a disease. Answered: Which of the following statements | bartleby Which of the following statements accurately reflect how allergens affect us? X=111110201X. This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypertonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypotonic. d. inhibition of peptide transport by transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. reverse transcriptase. A) A disease is traditionally diagnosed and treated by a nurse. kill the host cell immediately, while bacteria maintain life within the . ___________________, whereas the reason that gulls, who are tertiary consumers, have about 240 times the concentration of compounds as compared to the small insects sharing the same environment is due to _________________. You are a microbiologist working with a species of bacteria that can perform photosynthesis. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are primarily distinguished by the absence or presence of internal membrane-enclosed organelles. The nuclear envelope consists of two concentric phospholipid bilayers while the plasma membrane is only one phospholipid bilayer. b. a virus-encoded complement receptor f. SCID caused by deficiency of common chain. 13-5 All of the following are associated with the ability of influenza virus to escape from immunity except _____. - mortality data fail to capture the impacts of nonfatal outcomes of disease and injury on human well-being. Both bacteria and viruses use host cells to reproduce, but viruses . Chytridiomycosis (or chytrid fungus) is an ecological disease that affects amphibians and is ______. The odds of being involved in a car accident are about 1 in 100 while the odds of being involved in an airplane accident are about 1 in 5,000. a worldwide (or very widespread) epidemic. a. All toxic substances are hazardous, but all hazardous substances are not toxic. What persistent pollutant formerly was used in paint and gasoline and is linked to numerous health concerns such as cancer, reproductive problems, mental issues, behavior problems, and deformities? Viruses are typically a piece of genetic material encased in a protein capsule. Ospreys eat larger fish. b. the IL-12 receptor Yes; without organelles, prokaryotic cells cannot photosynthesize or respire. This specifically makes alcohol a ______. b. Mortality rates are reduced by the administration of antibiotics to affected individuals. The three kinds of blood lipoproteins and the differences between their composition and function, Which unit is the larger? Which of the following statements most accurately describes a selectively permeable membrane? a. neuraminidase b. T cells; CD4 30 seconds. a. adenosine deaminase (ADA) - Allergens activate the immune system. Sustainability | Free Full-Text | Assessment of Object-Level Flood d. Candida albicans Other IMG plans that may be of interest. PDF Name: Date: Block: Bacteria & Virus Unit Review - lcps.org d. a ribosome. Question 33. An experiment mixed together oil (lipids), organophosphate-containing detergent in water, and copper ions to act as a catalyst for a chemical reaction. b. immune individuals; susceptible individuals Question: You have to implement the following methods on the described scenario. Which of the following statements helps to explain why RNA viruses tend to have unusually high rates of mutation? You observe layers of cells that have a definite, rigid, rectangular shape; there appears to be a nucleus in all of the cells and there are many oval-shaped green structures that seem to be moving around inside of the cells in an orderly fashion. a. they are recycled by endocytosis more quickly than the normal receptor Machines | Free Full-Text | Dynamic Modeling and Vibration a. adenosine deaminase (ADA) developing countries where many people cannot afford adequate health care or to live in a healthy environment. Biomagnification occurs because of bioaccumulation. Show transcribed image text In environmental toxicity studies, when an interaction between two substances results in one of them exacerbating the effects of another by 20-fold it is called a(n) ______ interaction. d. hereditary angioedema b. gp120 In the following section, we describe this approach in detail. Which of the following statements correctly describes how factors related to the individual influence how she or he responds to toxins in the environment? d. There will be no net movement of water because the solutions are isotonic. d. they cause less severe immunodeficiency than do the homozygous recessive forms Substances that cause invasive, out-of-control cell growth resulting in tumors are called ______. b. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids d. carrier proteins. Which of the following statements accurately describes the path of Public policies regarding toxicity are based on the results of ______, and scientists still have the most confidence in this method. d. fall below 500 cells/l The KaK_aKa of nitrous acid, HNO2HNO_2HNO2, is 6.761046.76 \times 10^{-4}6.76104. The tertiary structure consists of eight beta-strands connected by -helices (known as the globin fold) Hemoglobin is a tetramer composed of two different types of globin subunits, each of which has an O 2 binding site e. nucleus; fusion with the nuclear membrane. c. The saline you used was hypertonic to the RBCs; this resulted in water osmosing through the RBC plasma membrane mostly out of the cell. d. MHC class I a. a. epidermis Zooplankton consume DDT a. osmosis. CareCloud Reports Record Full Year 2022 Results a. CD18; produce cell adhesion molecules You buy a bunch of small, round, red radishes at the grocery store; they are on sale because they have been sitting in the produce aisle for a while. What general type of membrane are you observing? d) whether the genome of the virus is DNA or RNA, a) the proteins on the viral surface and that of the host cell membrane, Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following properties? A: The small microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye are called microorganisms.. C) A person with an illness cannot be considered healthy. b) They can be spread via the plasmodesmata. - Most people will tolerate a higher probability of occurrence of an event if the harm caused by that event is low. Select one or more: O a. a. transport proteins a. a. osmosis The plasma membrane of some white blood cells contain ________ that bind with proteins of cells such as bacteria that have invaded the human body. d. True or false: Our bodies often reduce the effects of toxic substances by eliminating them through our breath, sweat, and urine. e. Listeria monocytogenes - Endocrine disrupters may cause reproductive dysfunction in females. 2 ppm - Large fish a. immune-complex disease Excreting water-soluble salts and other substances - Kidneys. True or false: Ecological diseases refer to infectious diseases that strictly affect wildlife or cause damage to habitats. b. purine nucleotide phosphorylase (PNP) You have four methods at your disposal that you can use to analyze the substance in order to determine the nature of the infectious agent. a. a virus-encoded Fc receptor e. leukocyte adhesion deficiency. HELP ASAP!!!! Which of the following statements accurately describes Virus vs Cells | Biology Quiz - Quizizz The solution level on the left side of the figure would rise while the solution level on the right side of the figure would decrease. Treat the substance with nucleases that destroy all nucleic acids and then determine whether it is still infectious. d. local populations; global populations. The measles virus causes pancreas and liver infections. The color change indicates that the iodine molecules were small enough to diffuse across the membrane and react with the starch inside the cell. 7. which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding the e. A cDNA intermediate is required in order to produce a provirus. What is the most likely reason for the disagreement? Photonics | Free Full-Text | An Experimental Study Measuring - mdpi.com b. nuclear envelope. e) Viruses can replicate independently of their cellular hosts. A: Answer- Virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that is non-living outside the cell and living. How do these molecules arrange themselves to form a mostly impermeable barrier between a liposome and its environment? This number doesn't include people killed by smoking tobacco. c) the proteins in the host's cytoplasm d. pinocytosis. b. impenetrable A healthy individual may be insensitive to doses of toxins dangerous to someone who is ill. - for activities we enjoy or find profitable Asbestos exposure and smoking each increase lung cancer rates 20-fold. PFCs are persistent chemicals, so they are ______. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus when a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. e. C3; opsonize capsulated bacteria. - Mutagens are agents such as chemicals or radiation that damage DNA. 4. Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference Which of the following is a reasonable and possible explanation of the experimental results? c) Reverse transcription would no longer be possible. b. diffusion. c) Cutting and assembling the capsid would be halted. B.) Exposure to radiation during an x-ray for a broken foot - Acute exposure Many important cellular functions in eukaryotic cells occur within membrane-enclosed organelles, such as cellular respiration occurring within the mitochondria. c) viroids Poliovirus is an RNA virus of the picornavirus group, which uses its RNA as mRNA. Virus b. 6 Tco 1 Which Statement Best Describes A Capitalist. c. Epidemics; pandemics stable chemicals are resistant to degradation and can cause problems long after application and far from the sites where they were originally used. - possibly spread by humans from one cave to another on their shoes and clothing. Why do these antibiotics not work to kill viruses and cure people of viral infections? The World Health Organization's definition of health includes ______ wellbeing. On the basis of the experimental data and the gradient-less optimization approach, the modeling strategy and the parameterized equivalent dynamic finite element model are presented. d. a chromosome, where the pipe cleaners represent bundles of proteins around which the DNA double helix (wired ribbon) is wrapped. d. the proteasome cannot generate viral peptides for presentation by MHC class I molecules. Hazardous substances - These substances are dangerous because they are flammable, explosive, acidic, caustic, irritants, or sensitizers. a) Fasting blood glucose from 120-180 mg/dL b) Fasting blood glucose from 126-140 mg/dL c) Fasting blood glucose from 110-125 mg/dL d) All of the above 7) All of the following drugs are oral hypoglycemic drugs, Except a) Metformin b) Sulphonylureas c) Thiazolidinediones A virus is living because it has DNA that stores genetic information. d. RAG1 or RAG2 Significantly more people have HBV (hepatitis) than HIV, but they are less likely to be treated for it. The bacterial phage lambda can infect some bacteria and 13-48 Individuals with an immunodeficiency affecting B-cell function are more susceptible to infections caused by which of the following pathogens? Its function most resembles d. They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer; therefore, the only way they can move into the cell is by endocytosis. a. is the place where a cell's genetic material is stored. Includes pectins, vitamins (like A, C, and E), and cruciferous vegetables (like cabbage and broccoli) in your diet. Regulators struggle with how to set acceptable pollution levels based on the dose-response curve because ______. DOC Virus/Bacteria Quiz - PC\|MAC Increased frequency:decreased depth of penetration C. Increased blood flow:greater temperature increase D. Increased water content:increased ultrasound absorption e. Staphylococcus aureus. d. Transport proteins, channel proteins, and passive carrier proteins all help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane. b. Antigenic shift; antigenic drift a. influenza virus What factors make emergent diseases a special problem? Explain. - The mere presence of a toxin is insignificant without considering how much is there, where it is located, how accessible it is, and who is exposed. c. infected cells do not express any viral proteins during latency Microbes acquire resistance to antibiotics through different processes that include random mutations and ______________ reproduction. Neurotoxins are poisons that affect us by ______. c) Viruses are difficult to place precisely within the tree of life. Dog bites and bee, wasp, or hornet stings - These have risks between 1 in 46,562 to 1 in 115,111. c. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) Which of the following can be used to accurately describe viruses? d. Chdiak-Higashi syndrome caused by deficiency of CHS1 Glyphosate - Used as an herbicide, Roundup b. Reference: ref 1 Which of the following statements accurately describe the hemoglobin molecule? d) lytic phages triggering a response in our immune systems, foreign materials that stimulate the production of specific antibodies. 13-50 Which of the following deficiency syndromes affects T-cell but not B-cell function? Job offers for selected candidates will be made the week of May 1, 2023. b. polysaccharides d. Liposomes form from phospholipid bilayers and provide a barrier between an external environment and an internal environment; this creates an internal environment where specific chemical reactions needed to establish a living cell can occur separately from the external environment. - Allergens act as antigens and stimulate the production of specific antibodies. d. Transport proteins, channel proteins, and passive carrier proteins all help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane. c. the ER lumen. Eventually, the immune system cannot handle the viral invasion. Filter the substance to remove all elements smaller than what can be easily seen under a light microscope. Instead, the cells are only able to reproduce once inside a host cell. Which cell that was viewed is most likely a prokaryote. c) removal of viral proteins Which of the following statements accurately describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda () phage? Which of these is not a consideration of toxicology? a. bacteria, some fungi (yeast), and many protozoans. - in the blood of nearly everyone in the United States. a. d. phagocytosis. Question 1. O The envelope helps protect viruses exposed to heat and/or detergents. Factor related to the toxic agent - Composition and reactivity of the chemical Capitalism is an economic system that operates under the. Bacteria injects DNA into a host cell. b) Vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from one type of plant virus to another, and horizontal transmission is the exchange of DNA between two plant viruses of the same type. a. CD4 c) membrane The global navigation satellite system-interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) was developed more than a decade ago to monitor soil moisture content (SMC); a system that is essentially finished has emerged. Match each type of substance to its characteristic. b. classical complement and blood-clotting pathways You isolate an infectious substance that is capable of causing disease in plants, but you do not know whether the infectious agent is a bacterium, virus, or prion. Most substances are toxic at some level of exposure depending on the substance and the nature of the exposure. c - Dose must be above a threshold level before anyone in the population shows a response which suggests the presence of some defense mechanism against the harmful effects of the toxin. B. Response curve representing a constant rate of response with increasing doors - Line b d. Both membranes consist of two concentric phospholipid bilayers and neither is selectively permeable or has pores. The saline you used was hypotonic to the RBCs; this resulted in water osmosing through the RBC plasma membrane mostly into the cells. b. Reactivation of herpesviruses follows stressful incidents. a. X-linked agammaglobulinemia: gamma globulin injections - Different sensitivities among those exposed to the toxins Match the following causes of death with the lifetime chance of dying that way in the United States. d. the use of antibiotics. Which of the following statements accurately describes plant virus infections? Bacteria are much larger than viruses, and t View the full answer Transcribed image text: b. the chromosome a. A. HIV is deadly, but doesn't target key cells in the immune system. It is rising in both developing and developed countries. - Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes are increasing and spreading to poorer populations. d. properdin (factor P) a. Solutes are never able to cross the membrane. d. carbon dioxide (CO2), b. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids. Treat the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determine whether it is still infectious. 13-2 _____ results when a gene affecting the immune system mutates, thereby compromising the body's defense against infection. A. All living cells arise from preexisting cells, and all living cells have membrane-enclosed organelles. Which of the following accurately describe mutagens and their effects? Exhaling excess carbon dioxide - Lungs c. active transport b) They can be spread via the plasmodesmata. Factor related to the exposure - Dose and frequency of contact with the chemical 13-6 All of the following use gene conversion to avoid immune detection except _____. e. capsular polysaccharide. 13-20 Dominant mutant forms of IFNR1 exhibit all of the following in heterozygotes except _____. C.) A virus is nonliving because it lacks an organelle that allows movement. Correct answers: 2 question: 7. which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding the mayflower compact? Q. b. e. agammaglobulinemia caused by deficiency of Bruton's tyrosine kinase anti-HIV antibodies are detectable in their blood serum. Q. III. a. the phagosome; inhibition of fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome a. plasma membrane. d. integrase A long piece of ribbon wired along both long edges is twisted into a helix and wrapped around individual pipe cleaners that have been rolled into spools; this grouping is then twisted (super coiled) again to condense it. d. Examine the figure below. - Combined effects of exposure to multiple toxins. c) Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses c. secondary immunodeficiency diseases - spreading worldwide. Persistence of chemicals can be a concern for health because such ______. The radish cells were hypotonic to the water in which they were soaking. Virus Infections and Hosts - Introductory Biology: Evolutionary and 101 Quiz - Quizizz a. effective at minuscule concentrations e. cytokine and cytokine receptor production. POPs, or ______________ _____________ ______________, are dangerous because they don't degrade quickly and cells readily take them up. For some toxic substances, a millionth of a gram (an amount invisible to the naked eye) can be lethal. Which of the following describes a virus? a. - demand protection from every potentially harmful contaminant or accept some exposure as our bodies can repair some damage answer choices Viruses can eat and metabolize food. c. Bruton's tyrosine kinase Which of the following statements accurately describes the measles virus? b) enter a replicative cycle that kills the host cell. Though categorizing toxins based on potency is useful, it is complicated by differences in individual and species reactions to particular chemicals. If you already knew that the infectious agent was a prion, select all the treatments that would allow you to distinguish this? a) enter a replicative cycle that does not kill the host cell. - Reduced cancer risk - The chemical industry disputes the need for testing, and industry-funded scientists point to contradictions and uncertainties in published studies. Deriving social determinants of health from underserved populations is an important step in the process of improving the well-being of these populations and in driving policy improvements to facilitate positive change in health outcomes. a) They can be spread via the plasmodesmata. Ch. 21 Review Questions - Biology for AP Courses | OpenStax Virus inject the nucleic acid into the host cell, and the nucleic acid integrates into the host cell DNA, and stay dormant for a long time. B. HIV is able to hide from the immune system. White-nose syndrome is a fungal disease that is devastating bat populations, causing mortality of 90 percent or more in infected colonies. Which of the following statements accurately describes the natural history of a disease? A factory with an office that controls the information sent to separate rooms for each of the manufacturing and shipping processes would be analogous to Members of a population vary in their level of sensitivity to a toxin. Both membranes are selectively permeable and have pores. b. rough ER d. nucleus, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. "Approximately 88% of our 2022 revenue came from technology-enabled business solutions. 120 seconds. Key points: A virus is an infectious particle that reproduces by "commandeering" a host cell and using its machinery to make more viruses. b) Viruses can replicate independently of their cellular hosts. Which of the following correctly characterizes white-nose syndrome? There is evidence that elephants communicate via infrasound, generating rumbling vocalizations as low as 14 Hz that can travel up to 10 km. Because sensory neurons express low levels of MHC class I molecules, they provide appropriate sites for viral dormancy. a. - The chemical agent is not biodegradable and thus is persistent in the environment. - They are both caused by viruses. Issues associated with _______________ heath may take up to 15% of the worldwide disease burden by 2020 as conditions such as depression are growing more prevalent in both developed and developing countries. 13-79 A patient is diagnosed with AIDS when CD4 T-cell counts _____. If each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution, what change would you expect to see in the solution level over time and why? - Differences between acute and chronic exposures b. I would expect to find the photosynthetic enzymes associated with the plasma membrane of the bacteria. Lead was banned from gasoline and paint in the 1970s and health problems associated with its exposure have dropped significantly since then. T-cell-dependent antibody responses; cell-mediated immune responses. - political or economic interest related to the hazard. a. HIV variants convert from macrophage-tropic to lymphocyte-tropic late in infection - Endocrine disrupters may cause feminization of males. .Know, understand, incorporate, and demonstrate the Mission, Vision, Values and Guiding Behaviors of Trinity Health and LIFE at St. Joseph of the Pines in behaviors, practices, and decisions. b) Replication of their genomes does not involve proofreading. we are exposed to many sources of harm, and it is difficult to separate the effects of different hazards in order to evaluate their risks accurately. d. They cause excessive synthesis and release of cytokines. This is an example of d. Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all living cells arise from preexisting cells. Yes; without organelles, prokaryotes are unable to bring together the reactants needed for biological reactions. You have four methods at your disposal that you can use to analyze the substance in order to determine the nature of the infectious agent. c. The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise. Oil-soluble types - These substances need a carrier molecule to move through the environment, but once they are inside cells they likely accumulate and persist. b. We assert that combining expertise . The leading reasons for nonrational risk perception include ______. They face communication difficulties mainly because others, who generally do not know sign language, are unable to communicate with them. b) IV Editor's Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. O The presence of an envelope influences viral entry and exit strategies. Rapid cell reproduction replaces damaged cells in tissues, but the more cells reproduce, the greater the chances are that they may become cancerous.