e) Directive instrumental, Cognitive scripts are _____ behavioral patterns for certain situations that are _____ to document. b. As we will discuss later, scripted interactions comprise social expectations, both empirical and normative. Those with personality disorders often fail to respond to traditional cognitive behavioral theory (Beck et al., 1990). Cognitive scripts are _____ behavioral patterns for certain situations that are _____ to change. Malicious gossip is an example of what type of human aggression? Step 7: Strengthening your commitment to your Spiritual path. The diagnostic term which represents a cluster of behaviors in children characterized by repetitive and persistent behavior that violates the right of other and societal norms is _____. Cultural thought patterns in intercultural education. d) Functional A common human tendency to discount the influence of a situation and explain behavior by referring to the personality of an actor is called _____. What differences have been found between male & female psychopaths? proactive: actions undertaken to obtain a specific goal; insensitive actions cold-blooded acts (bullying, name-calling, & coercive acts). In crowds or groups, many people lose their sense of individuality, remove self-imposed controls, and neutralize their internal moral restraints. Bartlett, in his book, Remembering (1932), was the first to write extensively about schemas in the context of procedural memory. Acts performed in response to orders from authority considered illegal or immoral by the larger community are called _____. & 79.7\\ (1994). Cognitive Scripts: A pattern of behavior we have ready to deal with certain situations; So the films don't suddenly turn a person violent, but they might slowly cause the development of anti-social attitudes. Arrogant and deceitful Most criminals are mentally ill. Recent research using factor analysis on the behavioral characteristics suggests that there appear(s) to be ___ or more factors that adequately describe(s) the behavioral dimensions of psychopaths. In hostile aggression, the perpetrator, 4. If you're a therapist looking for ways to guide your client through treatment or a hands-on person who loves to learn by doing, there are many cognitive-behavioral therapy worksheets that can help. Schemas represent knowledge at all levels of abstraction. Thus, cognitive psychology can encompass a very broad range of subjects. 0. Lastly, Thorndyke and Yekovich (1979) argue that the second area of theoretical weakness in Schema theories lies in its specification of detailed processes for manipulating and creating schemas. In the same vein as the criticism about the flexibility of schema theory, Thorndyke and Yekovich note that it is difficult to find data inconsistent with schema theory and that it has largely been used for descriptive purposes to account for existing data. c. Reading emotional expressions Another way of pre-activating schema encourages the use of analogies and comparisons to draw attention to the learners existing schema and help them make connections between existing schema and the new information (Armbruster, 1996; Driscoll, 1997). Briefly list the common psychological effects of any three of the following: cocaine, MDMA, heroin, alcohol, and methamphetamine. What are some examples of the ways in which peer effects are moderated (made stronger/weaker)? Feschbach proposed the _____ dichotomy of aggression. Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (2013). appropriate modeling. According to Loeber et al. According to Julian Rotter, whether a particular pattern of behavior will occur depends on our _____ and how much we value the _____. True True (1977). b. e) a and b only. There are no instruments available for measuring juvenile psychopathy. Summarize and discuss the 6 main conclusions researchers have reached in recent years regarding the relationship between drugs and crime. the cognitive dynamics underlying many organizational behaviors and ac-tions. Scripts are identified as role patterns which provide self-consistency and consistency in the behavior of others. The widespread use of computers in the last decades of the 20th century also affected theories of how people store and use information in the brain. Put more simply, a cost/benefit analysis can be used to challenge old, unhealthy patterns of thinking, allowing them to be replaced by new, more adaptive thoughts. _____ psychology suggests that criminal behavior may be one strategy that our ancestors used to solve recurrent conflicts which threatened their survival and reproduction. media, they learn aggressive scripts. a) appropriate modeling. Event schemas are focused on patterns of behavior that should be followed for certain events. When relevant, provide illustrations from the various categories of drugs. One of the criticisms of Stand-Your-Ground laws is that they: A person's thoughts are often the result of experience, and behavior is often influenced and prompted by these thoughts. b. a. In addition to those mentioned in this chapter, what others might be identified? In the present study, differences in patterns of behavior, defined by having had sex with a male partner, a female part-ner, or both, were examined in relation to the pathway from risky sexual scripts to sexual victimization. What is personality? What three aspects of a person are we referring to when we use this word? It allows for the assumption that many of your core behaviors and ways of processing information are a result of . Describe the 3- & 4-factor models of psychopathy. Cognitive scripts are _____ behavioral patterns for certain situations that are _____ to change. False, Bullying is an example of reactive aggression. In the movie The Iceman, about how many people did Richard Kuklinski claim to have killed? a) Berkowitz and Simpson. Schema therapy. The process whereby people lose their identities and feel less responsible in a crowd is called _____. For example, someone may learn that a particular proposition is nonsensical in a particular sentence structure and thus need to modify their schema around when it is and is not appropriate to use that proposition. Give an example of each. The tendency to attack space violators is referred to as _____. d) pertain to homeowners in high socioeconomic neighborhoods. Generally, psychologists believe that schemas are easier to change during childhood than later in life. During our class discussion about the article Death of a Playmate, we identified factors that may have contributed to the killing of Dorothy Stratton. On a more sophisticated level, the schema allows us to interpret geographical features, understand complex mathematical formulae, and understand acceptable behavior associated with particular roles and contexts. The type of aggression that includes anger expressions, temper tantrums, and vengeful hostility, and more generally "hot . d) all of the above. previously demonstrated. Consequently, as a person grows and learns more about their world, their schemata become more specialized and refined until they are able to perform complex abstract cognitions. Strategies employed by parents to achieve specific academic, social, or athletic goals are called parenting _____; whereas parental attitude toward the child and the emotional climate of the parent-child relationship refers to parenting _____. d) inductive bias. The heart rates of children of criminals tend to be low. Professional Resources Press. Research indicates that cognitive behavioral therapy is the leading evidence-based treatment for eating disorders. Juvenile psychopathy as a construct clearly does not exist. Tell her story using the terms and ideas from this course. concept: category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences. When you change the way you feel about . Schemas can be changed and reconstructed throughout a persons life. Dependence: Condition that may be physical, psychological, or both, whereby a person develops an intense craving for (& fells cant live without) a drug. Event schemas often called cognitive scripts, describe behavioral and event sequences and daily activities. These three constructs are _____, _____, and _____. We discussed the several sources of reinforcements in lecture (which fall into the categories if P.I.C.). They may also persist despite encounters with evidence that contradicts an individuals beliefs. One of the most relevant implications of schema theory to teaching is the role that prior knowledge plays in students processing of information. The schema therapy model has three main constructs: schemas, or core psychological themes; coping styles, or characteristic behavioral responses to schemas; and modes, which are the schemas and coping styles operating at a given moment (Martin and Young, 2009). c) encourage confrontation. In simple terms, according to this school of thought, also known as behavioral psychology . a. Psychopathic sex offenders cannot benefit from treatment. b) Meckels syndrome. Cognitive biases impact us in many areas of life, including social situations, memory recall, what we believe, and our behavior. A script for socialization to the cognitive model. Cross), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Psych 222Lab1 - Professor/Grad Student: Alexander Quang, Introduction to Biology w/Laboratory: Organismal & Evolutionary Biology (BIOL 2200), Organic Chemistry Laboratory I (CHM2210L), Biology: Basic Concepts And Biodiversity (BIOL 110), Curriculum Instruction and Assessment (D171), Introduction to Christian Thought (D) (THEO 104), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), 3.4.1.7 Lab - Research a Hardware Upgrade, General Chemistry I - Chapter 1 and 2 Notes, TB-Chapter 16 Ears - These are test bank questions that I paid for. regularities in behavioral-style across situations . Self-concept refers to how people perceive themselves and their past experiences, their abilities, their prospects for the future, and any other aspects of the self.. Aaron Beck's cognitive triad (discussed below) deals with self-concept and the construction of the self. This lack of constraint, it has been argued, allows the theory enough flexibility for people to explain virtually any set of empirical data using the theory. Sarasota, FL. The psychodynamic approach to the treatment of aggressive behavior would most likely emphasize reduction of aggressive energy through _____. According to Hare, a score of ___must be received on this scale to be considered a criminal psychopath. Piaget, J. (2009). internal mental processes that enable humans to imagine . Reflect. . Piaget argued that people experience a biological urge to maintain equilibrium, a state of balance between internal schema and the external environment in other words, the ability to fully understand whats going on around us using our existing cognitive models. d. Both a and c only. Bartlett, F. C., & Bartlett, F. C. (1995). For example, a learner learning that grass blades and tree leaves undergo photosynthesis may not need to change their schema to process this information if their photosynthesis schema is that all plants undergo photosynthesis., 2023 Simply Psychology - Study Guides for Psychology Students, Ausubels Meaningful Receptive Learning Theory, Schema theory and the design of content-area textbooks, A schema is a knowledge structure that allows organisms to interpret and understand the world around them. d. None of the above statements are true. As it develops further, the child will develop the schemata necessary to deal with more abstract and symbolic concepts, such as spoken (and later, written) language, together with mathematical and logical reasoning. According to Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, the motivational system that is involved in behavioral inhibition, attention, and arousal is the _____. a) Instrumental cognitive psychology: field of psychology dedicated to studying every aspect of how people think. In short, Ausubels Meaningful Reception Learning Theory states that learners can learn best when the new material being taught can be anchored into existing cognitive information in the learners. These schemas begin as representations of the childs environment based in reality and develop from the interactions between a childs innate temperament and specific unmet, core childhood needs (Martin and Young, 2009). One competing theory to the schema theory of learning is Ausubels Meaningful Receptive Learning Theory (1966). a) available; relatively easy b) persistent; resistant c) innate; impossible d) aggressive; relatively easy e) simple; impossible. A critique of schemata as a theory of human story memory (No. Psychopathy Checklist 20-item revision (PCL-R)-includes new applicability in forensics and resaerch settings, international, Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV)-short form version, Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV)-focused on juveniles, primary true psychopath: individual who demonstrates those physiological and behavioral features that represent psycopathysecondary: individuals who commit antisocial acts because of severe emotional problems or inner conflicts, dyssocial: antisocial because of social learning, generalizations of psychopaths lead to harsher sentences. What are these categories? An individual who tends to overreact to stress would be a(n) _____. generally persistent aspects of a person's world view- typical patterns of responding to situations and sense of self. However, new information that cannot be integrated into an organisms current schemas can create cognitive dissonance. Academic Press. Refusing to speak to someone Shouting at someone Robbing someone Slapping someone, Which of the following crimes is associated with instrumental aggression? traditional adult roles such as marriage or parenthood. Cognitive scripts are _____ behavioral patterns for certain situations that are _____ to change. Scholars have noted that the transfer of knowledge outside of the context in which it was originally acquired is difficult and may require that learners be exposed to similar knowledge in numerous different contexts to eventually be able to construct less situationally-constricted schema (Price & Driscroll, 1997). The ability to experience another's emotions from their perspective is called _____. d) aggressive; relatively easy Padesky, C. A. There are several different CBT techniques that can help reframe negative thinking patterns . c. Low resting heart rate in females is predictive of criminal behavior. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. According to the schema therapy framework, the earliest and most central schemas tend to originate in ones childhood. Hare's PCL-R is an assessment of psychopathy. When the test was over, they shared the results with the students but did not publish individual data. aggressive behavior? The frustration-aggression hypothesis was first proposed by, The psychodynamic approach to the treatment of aggressive behavior would most likely emphasize reduction of aggressive energy through. An approach in psychology that focuses on how human evolution has shaped the way we think today in order to explain behavior is called _____.